purpose: to report a case who had optic disc duplication, a rare congenital disorder characterized by two well-defined discs in one eye. case report: a 19 months-old child presented with unilateral epiphora in the right eye since birthday. the right eye was smaller than the left eye and mild ptosis was apparent. nasolacrimal duct probing was performed under general anesthesia. the examination r...

introduction: lower level of estrogen hormone is considered as an important factor for loss of learning and memory in postmenopausal women. although estrogen replacement therapy is used for compensation, but long-term usage of estrogen is associated with a higher risk of hormonedependent cancers. phytoestrogens, due to fewer side effects, have been proposed to prevent menopause-related cognitiv...

objective: vitex agnus-castus (vac) and its essential oil have been traditionally used to treat many conditions and symptoms such as premenstrual problems, mastalgia, inflammation, sexual dysfunction, and pain. in this study, the effects of essential oil extracted from vitex agnus-castus (eovac) leaves were investigated in three behavioral models of nociception in adult male wistar rats. materi...

This work aimed to fabricate a magnetically modified biochar (MBC) through one-step pyrolysis of Vitex doniana nut at 500 °C and investigate its feasibility for the removal two pharmaceuticals, namely, amoxicillin (AMX) trimethoprim (TMT) from aqueous environment. The textural characteristics, chemical composition magnetic properties MBC were analyzed using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis...

vitex agnus-castus l. is a medicinal plant which is used in several dosage forms for women hormonal disorders and standardized according to the iridoids or flavonoids content. aucubin, an iridoid glycoside, considered as a marker in some formulations. in this research, a thin layer chromatographic method with densitometric detection has been developed for quantitative determination of aucubin i...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Leaves of Vitex negundo (VN) have been investigated for their antiinflammatory activity in past, including its mechanism of action. However, nobody has evaluated its potential role as an adjuvant with standard anti-inflammatory therapy. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate interaction of ethanolic leaf extract of VN Linn with standard anti-inflammat...