Visual acuity measurement is a crucial part in an oculovisual examination. The purpose of this study was to compare near visual pre-school Children using two children charts – the Lea symbols chart and Sheridan Gardiner chart. One hundred fifty three (153) pre- school (72 males 81 females) between ages 3 5 years (mean age 4.23 ± 0.78 years) were recruited from five randomly selected nursery sch...

Symbols have a wide variety of expressions, from crests to flags, tattoos clothes, books inscriptions, coins seals, and they been the source visual communication used in every stage history. In this context, action symbolism which started with murals cave periods accepted as basis today's semiotic science. On other hand, examples graphic design its historical development existence help us under...

Are there empirical regularities in the shapes of letters and other human visual signs, and if so, what are the selection pressures underlying these regularities? To examine this, we determined a wide variety of topologically distinct contour configurations and examined the relative frequency of these configuration types across writing systems, Chinese writing, and nonlinguistic symbols. Our fi...

Abstract In 1909 Borel defined normality as a notion of randomness the digits representation real number over certain base (fractional expansion). If we think an infinite sequence symbols from finite alphabet A , can define directly for words : word x is normal to if every block appears with same asymptotic frequency in other length. Many examples have been found since its definition, being Cha...

Mathematical communication is an important part in learning mathematics. a way for students to express mathematical ideas either orally, writing, pictures, diagrams, using objects, presenting algebraic form, or symbols. Through communication, can convey and clarify understanding knowledge during the mathematics process. skills are because mathematics, use of notation, symbols, formulas terms de...