purpose: to describe causes of low vision and blindness in patients referred for low vision aids to rehabilitation clinics at shahid beheshti medical university during 2005. methods: visual acuity was classified to five groups based on best-corrected visual acuity (bcva) in the better eye according to world health organization (who) criteria and by using standard snellen chart which included mi...

Objective: Isolated visual hallucinations is considered as the Charles Bonnet syndrome. Ophtalmic or brain organic disease is a necessary or exclusionary criterion for diagnosis. In previous reports, it reported only solitary hallucination. In this report, we found multiple hallucinations. Case Presentation: In this article we report a 64 year-old blind man with renal failure under hemodialy...

Schizophrenia and various neurological disorders have some signs and symptoms. Visual hallucinations are one of such disorders. The related studies in some diseases for example Parkinson Disease and Lewy Body Dementia indicate that Acetylcholine (Ach) plays a significant role in neuropsychiatric manifestation and its association with visual hallucination; therefore, visual hallucinations occur ...

BACKGROUND Visual fixation plays a key role in the differentiation between vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness (VS/UWS) syndrome and minimally conscious state (MCS). However, the use of different stimuli changes the frequency of visual fixation occured in patients, thereby possibly affecting the accuracy of the diagnosis. In order to establish a standardized assessment of visual fixation ...

Objectives: One of the issues that have consistently been the concern for the health affair specialists and cure and massive social governors in health fields is the rate of disorders prevalence, diseases and the related subjects to epidemiology. Purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of mathematic disability amongst primary schools of Karaj. Methods: Totally 432 students were ...

PURPOSE Tests of vision for mice remain limited and the visual phenotype of some retinal disorders in mice remain poorly understood. A novel assay of vision was used to determine how the form and extent of retinal disease affects visual phenotype in mice. METHODS Retinal histology, the suppression of locomotion by light and visual guidance of locomotion, were assessed in mice with progressive...

A chiasm n. optici is shaped by crossed optic nerves. Approximate vertical distance of 10 mm separates chiasm from dorsum sella turca and pituitary fosse. Twenty-five percent of all cerebral tumors appear in the chiasm area and almost half of them cause damages of visual function. Major and sometimes the only symptom is progressive visual loss. This damage appears because tumor masses are huge ...

BACKGROUND Individuals with the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) are at increased risk for schizophrenia and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). Given the prevalence of visual processing deficits in these three disorders, a causal relationship between genes in the deleted region of chromosome 22 and visual processing is likely. Therefore, 22q11DS may represent a unique model to understand the ...