OBJECTIVE This study examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships of built environment characteristics with adiposity and glycaemic measures. METHOD Longitudinal study sample consisted of 4,010 Framingham Heart Study Offspring (baseline: 1998-2001; follow-up: 2005-2008) and Generation Three (baseline: 2002-2005; follow-up: 2008-2011) participants (54.8% women, baseline mean age...

Objectives. To examine the extent to which measures of adiposity can be used to predict selected components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP). Methods. A total of 1,518 Peruvian adults were included in this study. Waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist-height ratio (WHtR), and visceral adiposity index (VAI) were examined. T...

BACKGROUND Carnosine is a naturally present dipeptide abundant in skeletal muscle and an over-the counter food additive. Animal data suggest a role of carnosine supplementation in the prevention and treatment of obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease but only limited human data exists. METHODS AND RESULTS Samples of vastus lateralis muscle were obtained by nee...

BACKGROUND To investigate the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and quantitative measures of central adiposity in the general population using a semi-automated method on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. METHODS Subjects were recruited from Golestan Cohort Study. Two groups of 120 individuals with and without fatty liver were randomly selected based on finding...

Ye, Ji-Ming, Miguel A. Iglesias, David G. Watson, Bronwyn Ellis, Leonie Wood, Per Bo Jensen, Rikke Veggerby Sørensen, Philip Just Larsen, Gregory J. Cooney, Karsten Wassermann, and Edward W. Kraegen. PPAR / ragaglitazar eliminates fatty liver and enhances insulin action in fat-fed rats in the absence of hepatomegaly. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 284: E531–E540, 2003; 10.1152/ajpendo.00299.2002...

Metabolic syndrome is characterized by visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, high triglyceride (TG)- and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-levels, hypertension, and diabetes-all of which often cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It remains unclear, however, why visceral adiposity but not subcutaneous adiposity causes insulin resistance and other pathological situations. ...

Background Previously, we have shown that increased visceral adiposity was an independent predictor of thoracic aortic wall thickness in elderly individuals at risk for future cardiovascular (CV) events. In this study, we sought to assess the influence of obesity on rest and stress induced changes in aortic stiffness in older individuals with hypertension, diabetes or coronary artery disease at...

Human immunodeficiency virus-infected women with central adiposity switched to raltegravir-based antiretroviral therapy immediately or after 24 weeks. No statistically significant changes in computed tomography-quantified visceral adipose tissue (VAT) or subcutaneous fat were observed, although 48 weeks of raltegravir was associated with a 6.4% VAT decline. Raltegravir for 24 weeks was associat...

PURPOSE Obesity is associated with changes in pulmonary function and increased systemic inflammation. We explored the relationships among adiposity, body fat distribution indices, serum inflammatory markers and pulmonary function. METHODS This was a post-hoc cross-sectional analysis that included subjects who had previously participated in randomized studies on obesity at our centre. Non-smok...

Accurate and precise techniques that identify the quantity and distribution of adipose tissue in vivo are critical for investigations of adipose development, obesity, or diabetes. Here, we tested whether in vivo micro-computed tomography (microCT) can be used to provide information on the distribution of total, subcutaneous and visceral fat volume in the mouse. Ninety C57BL/6J mice (weight rang...