Biological invasions often result from transfers of organisms during trade activities. In coastal ecosystems, commercial ships are a dominant source species globally, and ships’ ballast water (BW) is major focus biosecurity management policy to reduce invasions. While drives shipping patterns, diverse vessel types behaviors exist such that the quantitative relationship between BW dynamics still...

â â â  â â â â â  abstract: â  up to now, the impact of real exchange rate on the non-oil exports of iran has been mainly on focus. however, the more important aspect of the fluctuations in exchange rate is its degree of volatility which can have profound effect on the non-oil exports. hence, the main objective of this paper is to investigate the linkage between non-oil exports and the real exc...

This paper investigates whether exports are the engine of production growth in forest industries in three countries. A bivariate autoregressive distributed lag model of production and exports was estimated with data of eleven forest industries from China, Finland, and the United States. Inferences were based on the short-run and long-run partial multipliers from exports to production by industr...

This paper embarks to analyse the role of exports and investment supposed to be major sources of economic growth in Asia Pacific. Therefore at first, the cointegration properties of exports, capital formation and GDP are examined in vector error correction models (VECMs). The results confirm the crucial role of exports and investment in the Asian growth dynamics. In a second stage, the structur...

As the world has flattened, some forms of services have become easily traded across geographies, cultures, and cost structures. Many countries—most notably India and the Philippines— have accelerated their economic growth through thriving information technology (IT) and business process services exports. The outsourced1 market for global information technology and business process services is $...

This paper analyzes factors contributing to terrorism, using its initial meaning from the French Revolution in which the state is the terrorist. The independent economic variables are mineral exports/GDP, military expenditures/GDP, real GDP growth, real per capita GDP, and population density, and the dependent variable is democide, the murder of people by government. Analysis of the data indica...

The paper examines the trends in exports, imports, R&D performance and patenting activities in regard of Indian drug and pharmaceutical industry for the period 2000-2012. Although most of the analysis, drawing upon different databases, is of descriptive nature, it also estimates functional relationship between exports as dependent variable and patents granted and R&D expenditure as independent ...

This paper investigates the relationship between exports and economic growth in the three of the largest exporting countries in the world, such as European Union, United States of America and Japan. For this purpose we have used Granger causality analysis based on error correction model. The results of this paper suggested that exports have a causal effect on the development process for the cou...

Recent theoretical models of international trade with heterogeneous firms feature instantaneous adjustment of margins of exports to firm and market characteristics, and equality of distributions of margins of exports between new and incumbent exporters. By using the population of Slovenian firms and their transaction-level trade data we document large differences between these firms that cannot...