Background & Aim: The aim of this study was to document the medicinal uses of plants in the central district of Zanjan county. Experimental: In the frequent field trips, plants species were collected, and their ethnopharmacological importance were reported by personal visits to a total of 32 informants. Results& Discussion:<...

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A famous example of problem solving in birds is the string-pulling tactic. In an experimental setup a bird can obtain food by lifting a small food container suspended from a perch by a string. This behaviour is known as a popular entertainment since ancient times, in particular from goldfinches. It was mentioned by Plinius (1554), by Albertus Magnus in 1250, by the Italian historian Bartolomeo ...

Abstract: The ethanol extract of Cynanchum ascyrifolium Matsum. showed significant anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities with dose dependent manner using in vitro experiments. Then, the bioassay-guided ethanol extract lead to identification of four active compounds, namely ursolic acid (1), maslinic acid (2), cynanoside A (3) and syringaresinol (4). Among these compounds, cynanosid...

Based on MS and NMR data and bioassay-guided tracing, three insecticidal alkaloids I, II and III from Cynanchum mongolicum were identified to be antofine N-oxide, antofine and tylophorine. Alkaloid I was more toxic than alkaloids II and III, but they were less active against Spodoptera litura than total alkaloids. The contact toxicity from these alkaloids against the aphid Lipaphis erysimi was ...

Plant somatic embryos are widely used in the fields of germplasm conservation, breeding for genetic engineering and artificial seed production. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play pivotal roles in somatic embryogenesis (SE) regulation. However, their regulatory roles during various stages of SE remain unclear. In this study, six types of embryogenic samples of Lilium pumilum DC. Fisch., including organogen...