background and aims: the novel approaches in influenza vaccination have targeted more conserved viral proteins such as nucleoprotein (np) to provide cross protection against all serotypes of influenza a viruses. influenza specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) are able to lyse influenza-infected cells by recognition of np, the major target molecule in virus for ctl responses. on the other hand,...

background and aims: influenza (flu) is a respiratory infection in mammals and birds. it is caused by an rna virus in the family orthomyxoviridae. the virus is divided into three main types. influenza virus type a is found in a wide variety of bird and mammal species and can undergo major shifts in immunological properties. hemagglutinin (ha) is an important influenza virus surface antigen that...

Early Synovectomy is advisable for rheum­atoid arthritis. An autologus vaccine from the excised synovia can be prepared from the tis-­ sues and given to the patient for at least 2 years or even longer in order to arrest the di­sease and for prevent relapse.  The patient can be taught to give himself his own vaccine two times weekly. While there is possibility of an antianaphylactic reaction. F...

Objective(s):Brucellosis, especially caused by Brucella melitensis, remains one of the most common zoonotic diseases worldwide with more than 500,000 human cases reported annually. The commonly used live attenuated vaccine in ovine brucellosis prophylaxis is B. melitensis Rev1. But due to different problems caused by the administration of this vaccine, a protective subunit vaccine against B. me...

Background and Aims: Avian influenza (AI) is an acute infectious disease of poultry, waterfowl, wild birds, and animals, zoonotically transmitted to humans. Some incidents of HPAI are reported in Iran: H5N1 and H5N8. Iranian Veterinary Organization decides on vaccination (H5) of layer and breeder flocks in high-risk provinces following the outbreak in Iran. This study aimed to evaluate the seru...

  An inactivated agalactia vaccine was prepared with Mycoplasma agalactiae in fermenter. The culture was inactivated and subsequently adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide gel. Four sheep and four goats were immunized with the experimental vaccine. Two doses of 1ml of vaccine were administered three weeks interval. Monthly, blood samples were taken from the vaccinated animals up to the fifth month...

OBJECTIVE To determine how the withdrawal from the market of the rotavirus vaccine has affected physicians' trust in vaccine safety mechanisms, future adherence to vaccine recommendations, and willingness to use a new rotavirus vaccine. DESIGN National survey mailed to 1228 randomly selected pediatricians and family physicians. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Confidence in vaccine safety mechanisms w...

in order to determine the efficacy of recombinant hepatitis b vaccine in iranian infants, we analyzed the efficacy of a recombinant hepatitis b vaccine in 115 infants aged 12-24 months born to hbsag negative mothers who received three doses of hbv antibody to hepatitis b surface antigen (anti-hbs) was checked after the third dose of the vaccine, 94.8% of the infants had developed protective ant...