Many aquatic ecosystems are seriously threatened by cyanobacteria blooms; gas vesicles enable to form harmful cyanobacterial blooms rapidly. lake managers try control collapsing vesicle, but it is still unclear whether vesicle recovery will cause this method fail. Through the culture experiments of three cyanobacteria, was found that all with collapsed can rapidly regain buoyancy in a few days ...

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a chronic debilitating disease prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Annually, it approximated occurrence 0.2 to 0.4 million novel cases worldwide. The cast film method was used prepared cationic mannosylated liposomes. surface Amphotericin B (Amp B)-bearing multilamellar liposomes covalently coupled ...

Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate was proposed to be an important regulator of large dense-core vesicle exocytosis from neuroendocrine tissues. Here, we have examined the kinetics of secretion in chromaffin cells from mice lacking phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase type I gamma, the major neuronal phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase. Absence of this enzyme caused a reduction of the...

Size-quantized CdS nanocrystals of controlled dimensions are synthesized within monodisperse egg lecithin vesicles made by detergent depletion. Cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) enables imaging in situ both of the vesicle wall and of the encapsulated nanocrystal. Cryo-TEM images confirm that only one particle per vesicle forms and that nanocrystal diameter is determined by the nu...

Tethering factors have been shown to interact with Rabs and SNAREs and, more recently, with coat proteins. Coat proteins are required for cargo selection and membrane deformation to bud a transport vesicle from a donor compartment. It was once thought that a vesicle must uncoat before it recognizes its target membrane. However, recent findings have revealed a role for the coat in directing a ve...