the copulative word “kâna” has been used 1450 times in the holy quran with its derivatives in different structures. the translators of the holy quran, therefore, must know the meaning of the verb in line with the context in which it is used so that they may translate the verb “kâna” as close as possible to the quranic text. mostly the verb has been used in conditional and relative clauses and i...

A verb is the organizational core of a sentence. Understanding the meaning of the verb is, therefore, a key to understanding the meaning of the sentence. One of the ways we can formulate natural language understanding is by treating it as a task of mapping natural language text to its meaning representation: entities and relations anchored to the world. Since verbs express relations over their ...

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are impaired in verb production. Interpretations range from grammatical deficits to semantic-conceptual decay of action representation. The verb production deficit in PD can also be considered a dysexecutive disorder, specifically, a deficit of selection processing during word production, due to corticostriatal damage. Producing verbs is "more difficult" t...

Some individuals with aphasia preferably use semantically general light verbs, whereas others prefer semantically specific heavy verbs. This study aimed to test Gordon and Dell's "division of labor" hypothesis that light versus heavy verb usage depends on syntactic and semantic processes, respectively. In a retrospective analysis of data from the AphasiaBank corpus, narrative language of neurol...

Recent findings suggest that i) children can build initial verb entries on the basis of syntactic information alone without any additional information provided by a visual context, and ii) that the early representation of verbs encompasses statistical information on the co-occurrence of these verbs with their potential meanings/referents, enabling children to infer verb meanings under referenti...

Many influential models of sentence production (e.g., Bock & Levelt, 1994; Kempen & Hoenkamp, 1987; Levelt, 1989) emphasize the central role of verbs in structural encoding, and thus predict that verbs should be selected early in sentence formulation, possibly even before the phonological encoding of the first constituent (Ferreira, 2000). However, the most direct experimental test of this hypo...

The paper presents new lexicon of verb valencies for the Czech language named VerbaLex. VerbaLex is based on three valuable language resources for Czech, three independent electronic dictionaries of verb valency frames. The first resource, Czech WordNet valency frames dictionary, was created during the Balkanet project and contains semantic roles and links to the Czech WordNet semantic network....

Verb errors are some of the most common mistakes made by non-native writers of English but some of the least studied. The reason is that dealing with verb errors requires a new paradigm; essentially all research done on correcting grammatical errors assumes a closed set of triggers – e.g., correcting the use of prepositions or articles – but identifying mistakes in verbs necessitates identifyin...

Abstract Several studies have investigated the comprehension of decontextualized English nominal metaphors. However, not much is known about how contextualized, non-nominal, non-English metaphors are processed, and this might inform existing theories metaphor comprehension. In current work, we investigate effects context sequential order for an under-studied type construction: German verb–objec...

Many experiments have shown that listeners actively build expectations about up-coming words, rather than simply waiting for information to accumulate. The online construction of a syntactic structure is one of the cues that listeners may use to construct strong expectations about the possible words they will be exposed to. For example, speakers of verb-final languages use pre-verbal arguments ...