We recently described lack of phenotypic plasticity in reproductive organ development and substantial plasticity in vegetative organ development for the cycad Cycas micronesica. Is there an evo-devo explanation for the disparity in phenotypic plasticity of vegetative vs. reproductive organs? Despite modularity, might evolution of cycad phenology be controlled more by drift than selection?

Microarray analysis was used to identify transcriptional changes in early vegetative growth of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. The results suggest that the previously identified conidiation genes dewA, fluG, and stuA may function in isotropic expansion during early vegetative growth and asexual reproduction.

The criteria of vegetative state patients: (1) Being unable to move by oneself (2) Being unable to eat by oneself (3) Being in the state of incontinence (4) Eyes can follow the objects but cannot recognize them. (5) Being able to react to simple demands such as "clench the hand," "open the mouth," but they cannot make more com munication. (6) Having the ability of phonation, they can not utter ...

this study was carried out in the agro-industry complex of gohar kouh, khash in iranshahr. a split-plot experiment based on rcbd was employed with three irrigation intervals including 1: 30 day interval 2: 40 days of irrigation interval 3: 60 day irrigation interval along with three levels of nitrogen application including 1: no nitrogen fertilizer 2: 750 grams of nitrogen fertilizer per tree 3...

A change in the timing or rate of developmental events throughout ontogeny is referred to as heterochrony, and it is a major evolutionary process in plants and animals. We investigated the genetic basis for natural variation in the timing of vegetative phase change in the tree Eucalyptus globulus, which undergoes a dramatic change in vegetative morphology during the juvenile-to-adult transition...

Teopod 2 (Tp2) is a semidominant mutation of maize that prolongs the expression of juvenile vegetative traits, increases the total number of leaves produced by the shoot, and transforms reproductive structures into vegetative ones. Here, we show that Tp2 prolongs the duration of vegetative growth without prolonging the overall duration of shoot growth. Mutant shoots produce leaves at the same r...

The transcription cofactor Swi6 plays important roles in regulating vegetative growth and meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Functions of Swi6 ortholog were also characterized in Fusarium graminearum which is one of the devastating plant pathogenic fungi. Here, we report possible role of FgSwi6 in the interaction between F. graminearum and Fusarium graminearum virus 1 (FgV1) strain DK21. FgV1...

Evolutionary biologists seek to understand the genetic basis for multivariate phenotypic divergence. We constructed an F2 mapping population (N = 539) between two distinct populations of Mimulus guttatus. We measured 20 floral, vegetative, and life-history characters on parents and F1 and F2 hybrids in a common garden experiment. We employed multitrait composite interval mapping to determine th...

Following a coma, some patients may "awaken" without voluntary interaction or communication with the environment. More than 40 years ago this condition was coined coma vigil or apallic syndrome and later became worldwide known as "persistent vegetative state". About 10 years ago it became clear that some of these patients who failed to recover verbal or non-verbal communication did show some de...

In Arabidopsis, inflorescence stem formation is a critical process in phase transition from the vegetative to the reproductive state. Although inflorescence stem development has been reported to depend on the expression of a variety of genes during floral induction and repression, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in the control of inflorescence stem formation. By activati...