The effects of cryogenic injury on femoral blood vessels and nerves were studied in 28 rats. The femoral neurovascular bundles were dissected out bilaterally and the vessels and nerves subjected to cryogenic injury. The rats were sacrificed at intervals of up to 2 weeks. Damage to the nerves and to a number of femoral vessels was severe and included necrosis and thrombus formation. The results ...

Suaeda monoica Forssk. ex J. F. Gmel was found to possess the C(4) pathway of photosynthesis. The succulent leaves of Suaeda lack a green bundle sheath formation but have a layer of chlorenchyma, containing large and centripetally arranged chloroplasts, which surrounds the water tissue. We suggest that the proximity of a chlorenchymatous cell layer to the vascular bundles is not necessary for t...

Fig, 1,-25-year-old man with parapharyngeal angiofibroma. A, Unenhanced axial CT scan shows a mass (arrows) in parapharyngeal space, with anterior displacement and splaying of pterygoid plates. B, Enhanced coronal CT scan shows an enhancing left-sided parapharyngeal mass (arrows) displacing pharynx toward right. C, Angiogram of left common carotid artery shows a hypervascular mass (arrows) supp...

INTRODUCTION In the absence of microvascular replantation or in crash injury cases in which obtaining an acceptable function is not possible, amputation of the injured finger seems to be the best treatment modality. Some studies recommended leech therapy for this kind of injury after vascular repair to decrease venous congestion. CASE PRESENTATION In this case report, the authors presented a ...