introduction: nowadays,  considerable developments  in  the field  of  radiotherapy have  been  achieved.  they  include  the  advances  made  in  the  equipments  and  treatment  planning  techniques  which  require  highly complex calculations. such achievements have made it possible to treat cancer patients not only  with  higher  radiation  dose  but  also  with  higher  precision  and  con...

Introduction: In clinical electron beams, most of bremsstrahlung radiation is produced by various linac head structures. This bremsstrahlung radiation dose is influenced by the geometry and construction of every component of the linac treatment head structures. Thus, it can be expected that the amount of the contaminated photon dose due to bremsstrahlung radiation varies among different linacs,...

Purpose Due to their finite range, electrons are typically ignored when calculating shielding requirements in megavoltage energy linear accelerator vaults. However, the assumption that 16 MeV need not be considered does hold operated at FLASH-RT dose rates (~200× clinical rate), where rate from bremsstrahlung photons is an order of magnitude higher than 18 MV beam for which was designed. We inv...

Varian is writing this response to Rahman et al1Rahman al.Electron FLASH delivery at treatment room isocenter for efficient reversible conversion of a clinical LINAC.Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2021; 110: 871-881Abstract Full Text PDF Scopus (18) Google Scholar express concern over modifying linear accelerators (LINACs) perform research and then restoring those same LINACs use, as described i...

This planning study was performed to compare stereotactic linac based radiosurgery of Arteriovenous Malformations (AVM) with current Helical Tomotherapy (HT) and future HT techniques. For 10 patients with AVM, dose distributions and treatment times of "regular" HT delivery (Reg 2.5/1/0.6 cm field width), Running-Start-Stop Treatment (RSS 5/2.5 cm), Axial Mode (Axial 5 cm) and Dynamic Jaw/Dynami...

After extraction, the damping ring (DR) bunch length is eom@essed in the RTL (Ring-To-Linac) transport line to achieve the desired linac bunch length. For this, an energy spread is induced proportional to the DR bunch length, producing large, aperture filling, horizontal beam sizes in the dispersive regions of the RTL. There, nonlinear magnetic fields and wakefields cause higher order dispersio...

Introduction: GRID therapy is a treatment modality in which a high dose of radiation in a single fraction is given to the tumor. This technique previously was used to treat bulky tumors with orthovoltage beams. Recently, studies have been conducted to suggest that GRID therapy with megavoltage photons can be useful in palliative treatments. On the other hand, there has always ...

PURPOSE This study investigates the feasibility and potential benefits of radiotherapy with a 1.5T MR-Linac for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA NSCLC) patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ten patients with LA NSCLC were retrospectively re-planned six times: three treatment plans were created according to a protocol for conventionally fractionated radiotherapy and three treatment pla...

Dalian Coherent Light Source (DCLS) will use a 300MeV LINAC to produce fully coherent photon pulses in the wavelength range between 150-50nm by high gain harmonic generation free electron laser (FEL) scheme [1]. Beam quality requirements for the linear accelerator (linac) are critical, including not only the beam brightness, but also the stability and the reliability. In this paper, optimizatio...

Linac4 is a normal conducting H_ linac proposed at CERN to provide a higher proton flux to the CERN accelerator chain. It should replace the existing Linac2 as injector for the PS booster (PSB). The same machine can also operate in the future as the front end of the SPL, a 2.2GeV superconducting linac with 1.8 mA average current. At present Linac4 consists of a Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ),...