This paper designs a new composite transmission device for improving the torque by squeezing magnetorheological fluid (MRF) with an electrothermal shape memory alloy (SMA) spring. Based on finite element method, numerical analysis of magnetic circuit and field distribution (MR) is presented, as well theoretical derivation calculation force output SMA spring transfer variable thickness MR transm...

Purpose This study examines the capacity to detect glaucoma of inner macular layer thickness measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) using a new normative database as the reference standard. Methods Participants (N = 148) were recruited from Leuven (Belgium) and Zaragoza (Spain): 74 patients with early/moderate glaucoma and 74 age-matched healthy controls. One eye wa...

Article history: Received 19 April 2016 Received in revised form 28 July 2016 Accepted 1 August 2016 Available online xxxx The outermost layer of the solid Earth consists of relatively rigid plates whose horizontal motions are well described by the rules of plate tectonics. Yet, the thickness of these plates is poorly constrained, with different methods giving widely discrepant results. Here a ...

controversy exists regarding cavity preparation for restoration of interproximal caries in posterior teeth in terms of preserving the tooth structure and suitable stress distribution. this study aimed to assess the effect of extension and type of class ii cavities and the remaining tooth structure in maxillary premolars restored with composite resin on the biomechanical properties of teeth usin...

Variable fill fluid couplings are used in the speed control units. Also, variation in coupling oil volume is used in adapting one size of coupling to a wider range of power transmission applications. Available model for the partially filled fluid couplings, has a good performance for couplings with fixed amount of oil but their performance will be degraded if they are used for the variable fill...

accurate measurements of physical characteristics of bone are essential for diagnosis, assessment of change following treatment, and therefore, indirectly, for evaluation of new forms of therapy. this is particularly true of osteoporosis and aging skeleton, in which fractures occur easily. methods: in this study an ultrasonic system was set-up and calibrated on plexiglas tubes of variable thick...

Planetary topography can either be modeled as a load supported by the lithosphere, or as a dynamical effect due to lithospheric flexure caused by mantle convection. In both cases the response of the lithosphere to external forces can be calculated with the theory of thin elastic plates or shells. On one-plate planets the spherical geometry of the lithospheric shell plays an important role in th...

This paper investigates symmetrical buckling of orthotropic circular and annular plates of continuous variable thickness. Uniform compression loading is applied at the plate outer boundary. Thickness varies linearly along radial direction. Inner edge is free, while outer edge has different boundary conditions: clamped, simply and elastically restraint against rotation. The optimized RayLeigh-Ri...