We advocate support of research aimed at developing alternatives to the photomultiplier tube for photon detection in large astroparticle experiments such as gamma-ray and neutrino astronomy, and direct dark matter detectors. Specifically, we discuss the development of large area photocathode microchannel plate photomultipliers and silicon photomultipliers. Both technologies have the potential t...

In this article we examine a class of wormhole and flux tube like solutions to 5D vacuum Einstein equations. These solutions possess generic local anisotropy, and their local isotropic limit is shown to be conformally equivalent to the spherically symmetric 5D solutions of Ref. [1]. The local anisotropy of these solutions is modeled using the technique of anholonomic frames with respect to whic...

Electron cloud density in the Fermilab Main Injector was measured by observing microwave transmission along the vacuum tube. Presence of the electron cloud reduces the velocity of the microwave signal. Both frequency and time domain methods reveal relative cloud density and time evolution. The effect of beam time structure is clearly evident. The accelerator magnetic field effects the distribut...

An electrometer is an electrical instrument for measuring electric charge or electrical potential difference. There are many different types, ranging from historical hand-made mechanical instruments to high-precision electronic devices. Modern electrometers based on vacuum tube or solid state technology can be used to make voltage and charge measurements with very low leakage currents, down to ...

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Endoscopic vacuum treatment (EVT) is increasingly used in the treatment of anastomotic leakages and perforations in the upper gastrointestinal tract. However, sponges often have to be mounted individually on a gastric tube and endoscopic introduction of the latter into an infected extraluminal cavity is challenging. In order to facilitate this procedure in some anatomi...

A direct current bridge with vacuum tube detector is described for measuring the resistance of living cells. Methods for evaluating the surface of contact with the protoplasm, and the leakage around the cell wall, allow us to calculate the effective resistance of the protoplasm. In Valonia ventricosa this is usually at least 10,000 ohms per square centimeter and is often much higher. This is in...

A topological defect in the form of Abrikosov-Nielsen-Olesen vortex a space arbitrary dimension is considered as gauge-flux-carrying tube that impenetrable for quantum matter. Charged scalar matter field quantized background with perfectly rigid (Neumann) boundary condition imposed at side surface vortex. We show current circulating around induced vacuum, if Compton wavelength exceeds transvers...

     The purpose of this study was to investigate the deposition of the hydroxyapatite (HA) coating via the electrophoresis procedure. The HA deposition was performed in an ethanol, methanol, acetone and isopropanol suspension. Methanol was found to be the best deposition media. Among the different environmental conditions, including the encapsulation of the samples under two vacuum types of pr...

www.tubecad.com Copyright © 2003 GlassWare All Rights NEXT > < PREVIOUS 1 Pg. Mechanical engineers must know the basics of their practice — lever, wedge, wheel and axle, pulley, and screw — as these five simple machines form the basis of all other more complex machines. Likewise, vacuum tube circuit designers must know the inner workings of the grounded-cathode amplifier, the cathode follower, ...