The influence of vacancy preference towards one of the constituents in a binary system on the formation of precipitates was investigated by atomistic and continuums modeling techniques. In case of vacancy preference towards the solute atoms, we find that the mobility of individual clusters as well as entire atom clusters is significantly altered compared to the case of vacancy preference toward...

Supreme Court confirmation is an exhaustively studied phenomenon, but lower court confirmation is less well understood, in part because lower court nominees are very rarely rejected, and the Senate fails even to hold a recorded vote for most appointees. However, the length of time it takes to fill a judicial vacancy serves as alternate evidence of conflict between the president and the Senate. ...

First-principles band structure calculations for large supercells of Ba2CuO4−δ and La2CuO4−δ with different distributions and concentrations of oxygen vacancies show that the effective doping on copper sites strongly depends on where the vacancy is located. A vacancy within the Cu layer produces a weak doping effect while a vacancy located at an apical oxygen site acts as a stronger electron do...

The successful matching model developed by Mortensen and Pissarides seems to find its hardest task in explaining the cyclical movements of some key labor market variables such as the vacancy rate and the vacancy-unemployment ratio. Several authors have discussed mechanisms compatible with the matching technology that are able to deliver the kind of correlations observed in the data. In this pap...

Electron spin resonance (ESR) describes a suite of techniques for characterizing electronic systems with applications in physics, chemistry, and biology. However, the requirement for large electron spin ensembles in conventional ESR techniques limits their spatial resolution. Here we present a method for measuring ESR spectra of nanoscale electronic environments by measuring the longitudinal re...

We present an adaptive multi-robot task allocation algorithm based on vacancy chains, a resource distribution process common in animal and human societies. The algorithm uses individual reinforcement learning of task utilities and relies on the specializing abilities of the members of the group to promote dedicated optimal allocation patterns. We demonstrate through experiments in simulation, t...

Dislocations act in semiconductors as combined positron traps, consisting of a shallow precursor state, which is related to regular parts of the dislocation line, and bound vacancy-like defects. The motion of dislocations during plastic deformation generates a high number of point defects. The clustering of vacancies to stable voids is regarded as a primary process of the jog dragging mechanism...

We have developed a method called optical transient positron spectroscopy and apply it to study the optically induced carrier trapping and charge transfer processes in natural brown type IIa diamond. By measuring the positron lifetime with continuous and pulsed illumination, we present an estimate of the optical absorption cross section of the vacancy clusters causing the brown color. The vacan...

Volumetric strain can be divided into two parts: strain due to bond distance change and strain due to vacancy sources and sinks. In this paper, efforts are focused on studying the atomic lattice strain due to a vacancy in an FCC metal lattice with molecular dynamics simulation (MDS). The result has been compared with that from a continuum mechanics method. It is shown that using a continuum mec...

We study the interaction between vacancies in a two-dimensional van der Waals crystal by molecular dynamics simulation. We find that the vacancy–vacancy interaction is attractive at short distances, but its binding energy is not enough to keep the pair bounded at the melting region where the vacancies are more likely to be created. c © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. PACS: 61.72.-y; 61....