BACKGROUND The Barclay cigarette (Brown & Williamson) was introduced in 1980 in the USA in the most expensive launch in history. In the USA and around the world, Barclay was later determined to have a grooved filter design that was compromised by human smokers in the normal act of smoking, but that was measured as ultra-low tar using the standard tar testing protocol. OBJECTIVES To evaluate w...

Copper is one of the most important trace elements in municipal solid waste (MSW) combustion. Knowledge of the speciation of copper is fundamental for the understanding of the effects of copper compounds on the combustion chemistry, for the evaluation of the environmental effects of copper in ash leachates and for the development of methods to recover copper from the MSW combustion ash. In this...

Urinary metabolites of tobacco smoke toxins are often used as biomarkers for the evaluation of active and passive exposure to cigarette smoke toxins. In a study of healthy smokers, we investigated concentrations of urinary biomarkers in relation to concentrations of selected toxins in mainstream cigarette smoke as determined by machine smoking of cigarettes in a manner that mimics an individual...

The current study proposes a novel and improved cigarette filtration design comprising cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) powdered activated carbons (PACs) with different dry matter contents. proposed filter samples were primarily analyzed to verify their applicability as filters via measurements standard tests, such SEM, BET, DSC, airflow permeability analysis. results compared the acetate (CA) sampl...