BACKGROUND Numerous study tools on diabetes self-care have been introduced; however, most existing tools do not show expectable and meaningful correlations with patients' glycaemic control. The Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ) was designed to appraise self-care activities which can predict glycaemic control outcomes. However, this tool has not been validated in Pakistan. Therefore,...

BACKGROUND Normal reading relies on the reader making a series of saccadic eye movements along lines of text, separated by brief fixational pauses during which visual information is acquired from a region of text. In English and other alphabetic languages read from left to right, the region from which useful information is acquired during each fixational pause is generally reported to extend fu...

In this paper, we focus on improving part-of-speech (POS) tagging for Urdu by using existing tools and data for the language. In our experiments, we use Humayoun’s morphological analyzer, the POS tagging module of an Urdu Shallow Parser and our own SVM Tool tagger trained on CRULP manually annotated data. We convert the output of the taggers to a common format and more importantly unify their t...

Purpose The primary aim of this study was to translate a self-reported questionnaire (KOOS) from English to Urdu and then to see its internal consistency, agreement, test-retest reliability, and validity among primary OA knee patients. Methodology First, KOOS questionnaire was translated from English language to Urdu through standardized cross-cultural protocol. This translated version of KOO...

Metalinguistic awareness is the ability to attend to, and reflect upon, the properties of a language. Metalinguistic awareness is often assessed using tasks of phonological and syntactical awareness (see, e.g., Bialystok & Herman, 1999; Bowey, 1990; McGuiness, 2005, for reviews). Tests of phonological awareness usually require the analysis of sounds in words, whereas tests of syntactical awaren...