Many scholars, policy analysts, and practitioners agree that neighborhoods are important contexts for urban youth. Yet, despite decades of research, our knowledge of why and how neighborhoods influence the day-to-day lives of youth is still emerging. Theories about neighborhood effects largely assume that neighborhoods operate to influence youth through exposure-based mechanisms. Extant theoret...

While urban form in general and density in particular are believed by many to significantly influence travel behavior, various recent studies have argued that the true determinants of travel patterns are attitudes rather than land use characteristics. This research builds on this notion and investigates to what extent a lack of congruence between physical neighborhood structure and preferences ...

Mortality rates in the United States vary based on race, individual economic status and neighborhood. Correlations among these variables in most urban areas have limited what conclusions can be drawn from existing research. Our study employs a unique factorial design of race, sex, age and individual poverty status, measuring time to death as an objective measure of health, and including both ne...

Increasingly, urban and suburban areas in many western cities are shaped by the tides of high-speed flows of people and goods. While an integral piece of our socio-economic fabric high-speed transport infrastructure (HSTI), limited in this paper to urban road networks, facilitates high-speed vehicle movement at the expense of neighborhood social interaction. A largely mono-functional land use, ...

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the city of Seattle received federal Department of Housing and Urban Development “Model cities” funds to address issues of racial disenfranchisement in the city. Premised under the “Great Society” ethos, Model cities sought to remedy the strained relationship between local governments and disenfranchised urban communities. Though police-community relations wer...

Climate change has become a challenge with adverse impacts on the Earth. Reducing the use of fossil fuel is a primary step to solve environmental problems. As the population continues to rise, to meet the growing demand for construction with a large share in energy Consumption, Efforts to make the built environment more energy efficient is crucial. The main objective of this research is to eval...

sports spaces are the most important services in the city, that have a significant role in raising physical and mental health citizens. after studying the existing sports spaces in the neighborhood, district, region and city of zanjan, determined levels and percapita sport spaces of zanjan city. a total of 19 spaces sports zanjan city, 9 sport spaces neighborhood-scale, 6 sport spaces district ...

the old parts of the iranian cities, which have survived over the past few decades, are now suffering degradation due to the long-term lack of maintenance and conservation. based on the comprehensive approach to urban planning, despite the high social potentials of some of these deteriorated areas, in order to improve their physical quality; complete demolition is the ultimate suggested solutio...