Sustainable urban development is a major issue in developing countries, namely environmental and social aspects. Urban forests have the potential to address these issues. Thus, it not surprising that forest research slowly gaining traction regions. However, there been limited reviews focusing on especially tropical countries global south. Research are vital identifying distribution of themes, h...

In a developing country such as India the contingent valuation method (CVM) cannot always provide a correct valuation of recreational use benefits of an environmental resource given the huge size of the parallel economy involving different categories of middle to upper income group families which have the capacity to move as tourists. The ‘participant observation method’ and ‘unstructured inter...

We present an algorithm which efficiently segments very large categorical rasters based on patterns of their categories. It operates on a grid of motifels – square blocks of raster cells representing a local pattern. Our algorithm is based on the seeded region growing principle but it uses a novel grid topology and seeds stack with individual thresholds. It has a single free parameter – the spa...

During the implementation of the DGPF-project on Digital Photogrammetric Camera Evaluation a team “Digital Elevation Models” was established. The main goal was to use the test’s framework for documentation and evaluation of the current state-of-the-art on photogrammetric 3D data capture from automatic image matching. During these investigations the accuracy and reliability of DSM rasters and 3D...

This review focuses on tree health assessment in urban forest, specifically the methodologies commonly used to detect levels, dimensions, and location of wood deterioration. The acknowledged benefits forestry area from application techniques are also addressed. A summary is presented different methodologies, such as visual analyses, acoustic tomography, digital inspection drill, with underlined...

background & aim: in recent years, iran and other countries pay special attention to side effects of chemical plants. this interest in plants and their derivatives leads to business of medicinal plants. in caspian region, in forestry projects there are many plant species with medicinal uses from which the locale indigenous used due to traditional experience without any especial processing i...

Optical trapping and Mie Spectroscopy are used to measure the refractive index of organic matter extracted from atmosphere in UV wavelength range.

Brent D. Ryan first visited Detroit in 1993. Describing this experience, he says: ‘‘The sense of emptiness was overpowering. ... I felt as if I was walking into the ruin of America.’’ In his book ‘‘Design after decline—how America rebuilds shrinking cities,’’ Ryan tries to understand why so many American cities have been losing population, what was and is done to change the fortune of these cit...

Surveillance for alveolar echinococcosis in central Europe was initiated in 1998. On a voluntary basis, 559 patients were reported to the registry. Most cases originated from rural communities in regions from eastern France to western Austria; single cases were reported far away from the disease-"endemic" zone throughout central Europe. Of 210 patients, 61.4% were involved in vocational or part...