OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the role of different factors associated with exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) in the workplace and home in the urban and rural areas of India. DESIGN Secondary analysis of the data from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey conducted in 2009-2010. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Data were analysed from 32 738 rural and 23 202 urban non-smokers at home and 48...

background: helicobacter pylori ( h. pylori ) is a global pathogen with a widely varied prevalence (30%-80%) among different countries and populations. this study aims to determine the prevalence of h. pylori in the population of arak, iran. materials and methods: this was an epidemiologic cross-sectional population-based study with multistage sampling. the population of arak according to the 2...

there has been extensive debates about the similarities and differences between urban planning educations in developed versus developing counties. some believe that increasing interdependence among nations, an ever greater need for cross – cultural cooperation,  is required to close the gap in skill and knowledge between developed and developing countries and shrinking international borders mak...

This study aims to determine the need for teaching information literacy skills in the curriculum of higher education. From MA and doctoral students in urban studies, 380 samples were selected using stratified random sampling. In the process of gathering data translated Information Literacy Competency Standard Questionnaire for Higher Education by the American Library Association in 2000 appro...

BACKGROUND This paper presents the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and syphilis infections among women attending antenatal clinics (ANC) in Tanzania obtained during the 2003/2004 ANC surveillance. METHODS Ten geographical regions; six of them were involved in a previous survey, while the remaining four were freshly selected on the basis of having the largest population among ...

Carefully constructed urban fieldwork enriches students' geographic education in ways impossible to reconstruct in the classroom. Geographic literature lacks good examples from human geography of how this might be accomplished. This research extends fieldwork application to the urban setting at a level most appropriate for college students, particularly those in an urban institution. The resear...

The present study measures levels of stigma within health care settings in urban and rural Gujarat, in an attempt to understand how this may have contributed to the state's increasing HIV incidence. Two sites were studied: a rural hospital in Bardoli and an urban hospital in Surat. HIV-associated stigma among healthcare workers (N=170) was assessed using a Stigma Index. Overall, analyses sugges...

Urban storm floods have become one of the major natural disasters endangering city safety, economic and social development as well as life stability of urban residents. Due to urgent requirements of improving emergency management capacity, this paper introduces the strong reciprocity theory into emergency management of urban extreme storm floods (UESF), and sets up an evolutionary game model of...

Special and general educators need to be well informed about the mental health problems of youth because significant proportions of students can experience social and emotional problems that interfere with learning, yet few students with mental health problems receive school-based treatment in programs designed specifically for youth with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD; Adelman & Taylo...