Based on the NM propositional logic system of nilpotent minimum logic, concept integral truth degree formula is firstly proposed by integrating function induced formula, and MP rule HS are proved means invariance. Secondly, in similarity pseudo-distance introduced into set general formulas system, some good properties about proved. Finally, terms divergence degrees diameter, a new membership fo...

A classical effective field theory, the Color Glass Condensate (CGC), provides a unified treatment of high parton density effects in both DIS and hadronhadron collisions at very high energies. The validity and limitations of k⊥ factorization can be studied in this effective theory. Multi-parton correlations in the effective theory are described by universal dipole and multipole operators. The e...

In spite of its great phenomenological success, current models of scalar field-driven inflation suffer from important unresolved conceptual issues. New fundamental physics will be required to address these questions. String theory is a candidate for a unified quantum theory of all four forces of nature. As will be shown, string theory may lead to a cosmological background quite different from a...

Based on the effective field theory philosophy, a universal form of the scaling laws could be easily derived with the scaling anomalies naturally clarified as the decoupling effects of underlying physics. In the novel framework, the conventional renormalization group equations and Callan-Symanzik equations could be reproduced as special cases and a number of important and difficult issues aroun...

A five-dimensional SU(5) grand unified theory is constructed on the orbifold S/Z2, with gauge symmetry breaking accomplished by a background gauge field. The theory is shown to be equivalent to one with gauge symmetry breaking by orbifold boundary conditions — the two pictures are related by a non-periodic gauge transformation. This effective field theory possesses localized explicit breaking o...

In several unified field theories the torsion trace is set equal to the electromagnetic potential. Using fibre bundle techniques we show that this is no leading principle but a formal consequence of another geometric relation between space-time and electromagentism. ∗E-mail: [email protected] Torsion in general relativity is commonly studied within the framework of Einstein–Carta...

In this paper, we restudy the Green function expressions of field equations. We derive the explicit form of the Green functions for the Klein-Gordon equation and Dirac equation, and then estimate the decay rate of the solution to the linear equations. The main motivation of this paper is to show that: (1). The formal solutions of field equations expressed by Green function can be elevated as a ...

A summary of papers on a set of theories which show an alternative path for the development of theoretical physics from 1905 resulting in a unified theory of electricity, magnetism, gravity, and inertia. It explores the route open to Lorentz, had he know of the Rutherford atom and the three quark model of nucleons, before Einstein published his theory of relativity. It is possible that with onl...