The small phosphoprotein pCPI-17 inhibits myosin light-chain phosphatase (MLCP). Current models postulate that during muscle relaxation, phosphatases other than MLCP dephosphorylate and inactivate pCPI-17 to restore MLCP activity. We show here that such hypotheses are insufficient to account for the observed rapidity of pCPI-17 inactivation in mammalian smooth muscles. Instead, MLCP itself is t...

The holder of a Standard Essential Patent (SEP) is usually required to license its patent any licensee on the basis Fair and Reasonable Non-Discriminatory (FRAND) terms. In their recent judgments in Unwired Planet Sisvel v. Haier, UK Supreme Court German Bundesgerichtshof ruled that ‘range’, rather than ‘single’ royalty rate, may be considered compatible with FRAND commitment. On other hand, ra...

As a result of the tremendous development in information technology, websites appeared, which turn facilitated great trade and its transformation from traditional to electronic commerce, so became carried out through world that does not include any physical presence, but communication is done electronically volume exchange expanded, this had impact on intellectual property rights, especially tr...