Many cables are placed in the underground utility tunnel, which with greater fire hazards. Once occurs an enclosed thermal radiation may ignite adjacent cables, will cause cable and further expanding of scale, oxygen be consumed over time. Thus, it's important to investigate under low concentration. In this paper, a experiment has carried out reduced-scale tunnel different heights linear near s...

The stability of the tunnel face during tunneling is one major criteria for design and construction tunnel. Collapse blowout are two modes failure excavation. cover-to-diameter ratio main parameters controlling these modes. Several analytical solutions have been proposed to estimate range support pressure applied on avoid both collapse blowout. However, most those models deal with homogeneous s...

Because of rapid urbanization, traffic problems, and other factors, underground spaces have been used more in the twenty-first century. Large are required for city, metro, tunnel, mine, industrial agricultural engineering, civil air defense engineering. Underground with varying thermal, ventilation, lighting environments can face problems comfort, health, safety. High temperatures, high humidit...

a r t i c l e i n f o A work breakdown structure (WBS) can prove to be pivotal to successful project management planning. There are few published studies about the methodologies or tools to develop the appropriate WBS for a project, and those that are available are limited to the specific areas of construction such as apartment-building construction and boiler manufacturing. This research has a...

There are various parameters that affect stability and expansion of failure zones in under pressure tunnels. Among the important parameters that affect failure zones around the tunnels are cohesion and internal friction angle of the rock mass. In addition, the cross sectional shape is the considerable point in failure distribution around the tunnels. The stress analysis method is one of the app...

The paper is focused on the assessment of seismic fragility curves for circular tunnels under moderate to severe earthquakes with aim improving reliability risk underground infrastructural networks. Non-linear two-dimensional dynamic analyses were performed different tunnel and soil configurations by using finite-difference method implemented in Flac2D software. applied input motions selected c...