This short paper is intended to demonstrate a crucial omission made by traders in setting the risk-free interest rate, especially times of crisis: instead increasing undercut it en masse on contrary. results incorrect investment and financial decisions, those involving CAPM models, option pricing models portfolio theory.

Various single-rider open vehicles, such as lawnmowers, are susceptible to overturning on slopes that are too steep for them. Warnings have included separation from the vehicles and avoiding slopes that are too steep. A recommended maximum slope is commonly 15 degrees. However, many individuals cannot evaluate slopes just by sight. Some mower manufacturers have warned about too steep slopes and...

Energy efficiency improvements “rebound” when economic responses undercut their direct energy savings. I develop an analytic general equilibrium framework that allows improvements in energy efficiency to affect output prices and factor prices. I show that general equilibrium channels typically amplify rebound and make it more likely that improvements in efficiency end up increasing total energy...

A small depression is created in a straight optical fiber taper to form a local probe suitable for studying closely spaced, planar microphotonic devices. The tension of the "dimpled" taper controls the probe-sample interaction length and the level of noise present during coupling measurements. Practical demonstrations with high-Q silicon microcavities include testing a dense array of undercut m...

We demonstrate all-epitaxial InP-based 1.3μm VCSELs with a record-high continuous-wave differential quantum efficiency (57%) for single active region long-wavelength devices. Low-loss optical mode confinement is achieved through a selectively etched undercut tunnel-junction aperture. Single-mode continuous-wave lasing was observed up to 87°C and the room-temperature output power was 1.1mW at a ...

Sculptured surfaces are usually machined to their final shapes by a series of rough and finish passes. After each pass, excess material may be left at some concave or C1 discontinuous areas. Traditionally these undercut areas are “cleaned up” by repeatedly machining the whole surface with progressively smaller cutting tools. We present an algorithm for automatically identifying areas with exces...

Stability of reinforced slopes is almost always carried out using limit equilibrium methods and controlled by the shear strengths of the slope materials and the extension force of reinforcements. According to limit equilibrium methods, the stability of slopes is assessed by dividing the whole failure wedge into several vertical elements. In order to determine the safety factor of the reinforce...

The ability of an implanted ear to integrate multiple pulses, as measured by the slopes of detection threshold level (T level) versus pulse rate functions, may reflect cochlear health in the cochlea, as suggested by previous animal studies (Kang et al., 2010; Pfingst et al., 2011). In the current study, we examined the slopes of T level versus pulse rate functions in human subjects with cochlea...

269 ABSTRACT: We evaluated eight habitat objectives used by land management agencies within the Interior Columbia Basin to determine if the current riparian management objectives (RMOs) were representative of conditions found at reference sites, had values which differed significantly between reference and managed watersheds, and whether these RMOs could be consistently applied across the study...

At a site in the northwestern Sonoran Desert the percent ground cover for the C $ subshrub Encelia farinosa was eighttimes higher on more arid 20° south-facing slopes than on 20° north-facing slopes at 820 m elevation, and was sixtimes higher on north-facing slopes at a 300-m-lower elevation, also the more arid condition. The ground cover of the C % bunchgrass Pleuraphis rigida decreased over 5...