due to the special nature of agricultural activities and results of decisions influenced by the risk and uncertainty of these activities, consideration risk is essential in planning for agriculture sector. interval-valued fuzzy programming approach is advantage of in this study for considering the conditions of uncertainty and additionally emphasizing on the limitation of water resources in def...

addressing deficit irrigation scheduling (dis) for strategic crop production (especially wheat) under precipitation uncertainty is a priority for irrigation scheduling in drought conditions. this research investigated the precipitation uncertainty by enacting optimistic and pessimistic scenarios for the next 20 years by considering the statistical record of climate in badjgah area. dis was cond...

this paper proposes a stochastic framework for demand response (dr) aggregator to procure dr from customers and sell it to purchasers in the wholesale electricity market. the aggregator assigns fixed dr contracts with customers based on three different load reduction strategies. in the presented problem the uncertainty of market price is considered and the risk of aggregator participation is ma...

Knowledge of the efficacy of an intervention for disease control on an individual farm is essential to make good decisions on preventive healthcare, but the uncertainty in outcome associated with undertaking a specific control strategy has rarely been considered in veterinary medicine. The purpose of this research was to explore the uncertainty in change in disease incidence and financial benef...

Monte Carlo (MC) simulation has been used to generate commissioning data for the beam modeling of treatment planning system (TPS). We have developed a method called radial projection (RP) for postprocessing of MC-simulation-generated data. We used the RP method to reduce the statistical uncertainty of the lateral profile of proton pencil beams with axial symmetry. The RP method takes advantage ...

We introduce uncertainty and risk aversion to the study of international environmental agreements. We consider a simple model with identical agents and linear payoffs. We show that a stable treaty with positive action always exists. While uncertainty lowers the action of signatories, we find that it may increase participation. In addition, uncertainty may generate multiple equilibria. A treaty ...

The economic and environmental losses due to serious leakage in the urban water supply network have increased the effort to control the water leakage. However, current methods for leakage estimation are inaccurate leading to the development of ineffective leakage controls. Therefore, this study proposes a method based on the blind source separation theory (BSS) to calculate the leakage of water...

The major problems facing the decision making is how to handle uncertain data, several theories are dealing with uncertainty, soft set theory also handle this uncertainty problem. Reduction techniques are still an open area to be explored in knowledge management, which focuses on uncertain data removing unlike comparisons. This paper proposes based on rough set theory and soft set theory, it de...