Previous work [51] showed how to solve time-fractional diffusion equations by particle tracking. This paper extends the method to the case where the order of the fractional time derivative is greater than one. A subordination approach treats the fractional time derivative as a random time change of the corresponding Cauchy problem, with a first derivative in time. One novel feature of the time ...

BACKGROUND It is well known that smells have marked effects on behavior, cognition and on emotional responses. Therefore, it is very useful to have at our disposal instruments that allow us the measure these effects. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to translate and validate the Spanish version of the Affective Impact of Odors scale (AIO) and the Odor Awareness Scale (OAS). MATERIAL AND ...

BACKGROUND A widely discussed design issue in patient satisfaction questionnaires is the optimal length and labelling of the answering scale. The aim of the present study was to compare intra-individually the answers on two response scales to five general questions evaluating patients' perception of hospital care. METHODS Between November 2011 and January 2012, all in-hospital patients at a S...

In interval type-2 fuzzy logic controllers (IT2-FLCs), the output processing includes type reduction and defuzzification. Recently, researchers have proposed many efficient type reduction algorithms, but there are no effective schemes to improve the output of defuzzification. This paper presents a geneticalgorithm-based type reduction algorithm, which reduces the type of an interval type-2 fuzz...

The application of fuzzy time series models to forecasting has been drawing a great amount of attention. To provide a more sophisticated model to handle real world problems thus becomes important. This study intends to model fuzzy time series with multiple observations at a single time point. The proposed model shows how to fuzzify multiple observations into a fuzzy set. Neural networks are app...

This paper analysis single-period inventory models with discrete demand under fuzzy environment. In the proposed models three different cases are examined. In the first case, demand is represented by a triangular fuzzy number and a discrete membership function. In the second case, demand is a stochastic variable while inventory costs such as unit holding cost and unit shortage cost are imprecis...

Background: Self-reports of health provide useful information about function and well-being that can improve communication between patients and clinicians. Global health items provide summary information that are predictive of health care utilization and mortality. There is a need for parsimonious global health scales for use in large sample surveys. This study evaluates the reliability and val...

Using variational methods we study the generalization of two classical second order periodic problems in the context of time scales. On the one hand, we study a forced pendulum-type equation. On the other hand, we obtain solutions for a bounded nonlinearity under Landesman–Lazer type conditions. AMS subject classification: 39A12, 39A99.

We sought to determine the scale of scintillation in the interstellar plasma of PSR J0437−4715. We used the Very Long Baseline Array to obtain scintillation amplitude and phase data, from dynamic spectra at 327 MHz. We observe two scales of scintillation of pulsar PSR J0437−4715, differing by more than an order of magnitude in scintillation bandwidth. The widerbandwidth scale of scintillation t...