High persistence of state fragility (a trap) suggests the presence substantial benefits from avoiding a fall into and considerable hurdles to successful exit fragility. This paper empirically examines factors that affect turning points entering exiting by employing three different approaches: an event study, synthetic control method, logit model. We find economic contraction is critical prevent...

Robert King Merton's early sociology of science is significant for the understating modern sociology. The relationship between unplanned consequences and developments in technology fundamental a definition contemporary picture social action developments. Theoretical interests link to working-in-progress formulations. Empirical development emerges from these perspectives. significance theoretica...

We introduce a new integrable hierarchy of nonlinear differential-difference equations which we call constrained Toda (C-Toda). It can be regarded as certain subhierarchy the 2D lattice obtained by imposing constraint $\bar {\cal L}={\cal L}^{\dag}$ on two Lax operators (in symmetric gauge). prove existence tau-function C-Toda and show that it is square root tau-function. In this some other res...

A bstract We analyze the Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz (TBA) for various integrable S-matrices in context of generalized T $$ \overline{\mathrm{T}} T ¯ deformations. focus on sinh-Gordon model and its elliptic deformation both fermionic bosonic realizations. confirm that...

The objective of this article is to identify the interpersonal factors that explain narratives of desistance among offenders who have been sentenced to prison. Through narrative interviews, we have studied a purposeful age-graded sample of men convicted of acquisitive crimes. Although the results confirm the leading research of Laub and Sampson (2003) about the importance of social bonds as a c...