In this experiment effect of two full and half width sinusoidal inner tubes in triplex-tube heat exchanger with phase change material (PCM) was investigated. Length and diameter of the tubes have been chosen such that the area of each tube to be the same. Charging and discharging processes were carried out by inner tube, outer tube and both. Results indicated, PCM melting and solidification tim...

One of the major industry problems is the flow boiling, where reaching to the critical heat flux (CHF) condition can lead to a temperature jump and damage of the systems. In the present study, the effects of a uniform change in tube diameter on subcooled flow boiling and CHF was numerically investigated. The Euler-Euler model was used to investigate the relationship between the two liquid and v...

In an era of discrete tube or transistor op-amp modules, any potential advantage to be gained from fully-differential circuitry was masked by primitive op-amp module performance. Fullydifferential output op-amps were abandoned in favor of single ended op-amps. Fully-differential op-amps were all but forgotten, even when IC technology was developed. The main reason appears to be the simplicity o...

This is the first article in a new four-part CE series on radioimmunoassay. After reading and studying this paper, the reader should be able to: 1) describe the fundamental concepts of radioimmunoassay techniques; 2) discuss the various components in radioimmunoassay testing; and 3) understand the reaction principles. This article reviews the principles of radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique, desc...

We describe a sensitive quantitative procedure for separating isoamylases in human serum, urine, and tissue homogenates. Two components have been discerned with chromatographic characteristics resembling those of pancreatic and salivary amylases, respectively. Several lines of evidence-derived from studies in normal subjects, pancreatectomized patients, and patients with acute pancreatitis-indi...

Tubular structural systems are one of the most common types of systems in high-rise structures. In the early days of this system, there were imperfections in its design which were overcome over time. The most important modification to rectify these defects is the use of a series of internal frames in addition to the peripheral frames and new systems in the center of the plan to eliminate design...

the paper studies optimization of shell-and-tube heat exchangers using the particle swarm optimization technique. a total cost function is formulated based on initial and annual operating costs of the heat exchangers. six variables – shell inside diameter, tube diameter, baffle spacing, baffle cut, number of tube passes and tube layouts (triangular or square) – are considered as the design para...

Self-assembly is a pervasive phenomenon in which a disordered system of pre-existing components forms an organized structure or pattern as a consequence of specific, local interactions among the components themselves, without external direction. In particular, DNA self-assembly is the science of organizing DNA sequences into desired shape by annealing several synthetically prepared oligonucleot...

Abstract Traditional hollow concrete filled steel tube components are mainly used in the transformer power structure. In order to improve mechanical properties and application scope of components, a new type reinforcement high-strength combination structure is proposed. Given that construction system frequently an eccentric stress condition throughout structural system, finite element analysis ...

Pollen tubes elongate within the pistil to transport sperm cells to the embryo sac for fertilization. Growth occurs exclusively at the tube apex, rendering pollen tube elongation a most dramatic polar cell growth process. A hallmark pollen tube feature is its cytoskeleton, which comprises elaborately organized and dynamic actin microfilaments and microtubules. Pollen tube growth is dependent on...