Recall that a ring $R\ $is said to be quasi regular if its total quotient $q(R)\ \textit{von Neumann regular}. It is well known and only it reduced satisfying the property: for each $a\in R,$ $ann_{R}(ann_{R}(a))=ann_{R}(b)$ some $b\in R$. Here, in this study, we extend notion of rings which satisfy aforementioned property modules. We give many characterizations properties these two classes Mor...

This paper presents a straightforward algorithm for constructing connections on discrete surfaces that are as smooth as possible everywhere but on a set of isolated singularities with given index. We compute these connections by solving a single linear system built from standard operators. The solution can be used to design rotationally symmetric direction fields with user-specified singulariti...

Geographical distribution is widely held to be a major determinant of evolutionary dynamics. Correspondingly, genetic programming theorists and practitioners have long developed, used, and studied systems in which populations are structured in quasi-geographicalways. Herewe show that a remarkably simple version of this idea produces surprisingly dramatic improvements in problem-solving performa...

An algebra A is tolerance trivial if Tol A = ConA where Tol A is the lattice of all tolerances on A. If A contains a Mal'cev function compatible with each T Tol A, then A is tolerance trivial. We investigate nite algebras satisfying also the converse statement. Let R be a binary relation on a set A and f be an n-ary function on A. We say that f is compatible with R or that R is compatible with ...

let $a$ be an abelian topological group and $b$ a trivial topological $a$-module. in this paper we define the second bilinear cohomology with a trivial coefficient. we show that every abelian group can be embedded in a central extension of abelian groups with bilinear cocycle. also we show that in the category of locally compact abelian groups a central extension with a continuous section can b...

We present a notion of forcing that can be used, in conjunction with other results, to show that there is a Martin-Löf random set X such that X 6≥T ∅′ and X computes every K-trivial set.

this paper investigates the impact of oil revenues on the output of economic sectors in some of oil exporting countries including iran, venezuela and mexico. we use cointegration analysis as well as short run and long run granger casualties' tests. the results show that in the long run, an oil boom leads to expansion of service sector, in these countries. also, the impacts of oil revenues ...