The role of the oxidative burst, transient production of activated oxygen species such as H(2)O(2) and superoxide (O(2) (-)) in elicitation of phytoalexins and the hypersensitive reaction (HR) was investigated in white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). H(2)O(2) and O(2) (-) production was measured as chemiluminescence (CL) mediated by luminol, which was added to s...

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of foliar endophytic fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on plant community structure in experimental microcosms containing an assemblage of five species of plants (Oenothera odorata, Plantago asiatica, Trifolium repens, Isodon japonicas and Aster yomena). Leaves of Sasa borealis, Potentilla fragarioides, and Viola mandshurica were co...

Over the past decades rapid growth in industrial and agricultural activities, waste disposal and etc., have significantly contributed to extensive soil contamination. Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) are one of the most common groups of persistent organic contaminants. To date, many developing countries like Iran have almost completely relinquished remediation of oil-polluted soils due to th...

Small cow-calf operations are common in the Appalachian region. Tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S. J. Darbyshire] is the dominant forage in these systems for direct grazing as well as for stockpiling. The present study was conducted from 2001 to 2005. A total of 108 Angus and Angus crossbred cows were allotted randomly to 6 forage systems and then to 3 replicates within each system. ...

Trifolium repens L. was grown to test the following hypotheses: when P is deficient (i) N2 fixation decreases as a result of the plant's adaptation to the low N demand, regulated by an N feedback mechanism, and (ii) the decrease in the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves does not limit N2 fixation. Severe P deficiency prevented nodulation or stopped nodule growth when the P deficiency occurre...

Alllelopathic potential of chicory was investigated by evaluating its effect on seed germination, soluble sugar, malondialdehyde (MDA) and the chlorophyll content of three target plants species (Festuca arundinacea, Trifolium repens and Medicago sativa). The secretion of allelochemicals was regulated by keeping the donor plant (chicory) separate from the three target plant species and using dif...