There are many examples where the use of chemicals have had profound unintended consequences, such as fertilizers reducing crop yields (paradox of enrichment) and insecticides increasing insect pests (by reducing natural biocontrol). Recently, the application of agrochemicals, such as agricultural disinfectants and fungicides, has been explored as an approach to curb the pathogenic fungus, Batr...

The taxonomy of two similar frogs from the top of the Drakensberg escarpment, the Maluti River Frog and the Phofung River Frog is not settled. I examine the relevant types and type descriptions, and discover a number of errors in the literature. Some of the recent taxonomic changes were found to be unsupported. The Maluti River Frog is assigned to Amietia vertebralis (Hewitt, 1927), and the Pho...

Forearm skin of Stage XXIV Rana pipiens, which cannot regenerate limbs, was removed and placed upon the skinned forearms of young axolotls. The axolotl limbs were amputated immediately through the level of the grafts. Frog epidermis migrated to cover the amputation surface. Dedifferentiation and early blastema formation occurred beneath the frog wound epidermis. Limb regeneration continued, but...

We discuss the use of second-harmonic generation (SHG) as the nonlinearity in the technique of frequencyresolved optical gating (FROG) for measuring the full intensity and phase evolution of an arbitrary ultrashort pulse. FROG that uses a third-order nonlinearity in the polarization-gate geometry has proved extremely successful, and the algorithm required for extraction of the intensity and the...

Introduction Raising and selling frogs on a commercial basis has not proven to be successful economically in Virginia or elsewhere in the United States to our knowledge. Although farming for frog legs sounds promising, operating a profitable frog farm seems to be more of a myth than a reality. Those few individuals who claim to be successful frog farmers generally are distributors engaged in th...

Ranaviruses have been associated with most of the reported larval anuran die-offs in the United States. It is hypothesized that anthropogenically induced stress may increase pathogen prevalence in amphibian populations by compromising immunity. Cattle use of wetlands may stress resident tadpole populations by reducing water quality. We isolated a Ranavirus from green frog Rana clamitans (n = 80...

Avian incubation attentiveness has important fitness consequences through its influence on the number and quality of hatched young and energetic costs imposed on parents. Nest attentiveness is highly variable across species and geographic regions. We reviewed the literature and show a worldwide pattern that nest attentiveness is generally lower in southern compared with northem-latitude passeri...

Based on a single observation some evidence is presented suggesting that predation of Hamilton's frog by tuatara is occurring on Stephens Island, 40<> 40' S, 174 <>00' E in Cook Strait, Bones of the left hind limb of a frog were identified from a tuatara dropping collected from the frogs' habitat. Because of the tenuous state of the island's frog population, factors thought to limit the inciden...

Abstract Environmental noise has a significant negative impact on acoustic communication in most situations, as it influences the production, transmission, and reception of signals. However, how animals respond to conspecific sounds when there is interference from environmental noise, whether males females display convergent behavioral responses face masking remain poorly understood. In this st...