BACKGROUND There is currently a profusion of near-patient testing devices that have been specifically targeted at drug dependency units and clinics. Some of these devices have been shown to produce accurate results. However, some devices suffer from inappropriate labeling, which together with the subjective interpretation of poorly defined reaction end-point markers, leads to misinterpretation ...

Nowadays, more than 10,000 different types of medical devices can be found in hospitals.These devices used in medical centers and hospitals for monitoring and treatment of patients require periodic safety and performance checking in order to have confidence in their functioning and operation. Physicians need better accurate medical measurements in order to better diagnose diseases, monitor pati...

introduction use of hadron therapy as an advanced radiotherapy technique is increasing. in this method, secondary particles are produced through primary beam interactions with the beam-transport system and the patient’s body. in this study, monte carlo simulations were employed to determine the dose of produced secondary particles, particularly neutrons during treatment. materials and methods i...

Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices have shown satisfactory performance in alleviating the problems of electrical transmission systems. Optimal FACTS allocation problem, which includes finding optimal type and location of these devices, have been widely studied by researchers for improving variety of power system technical parameters. In this paper, a DIgSILENT-based Discrete Parti...

In this study, the feasibility of using magnetic technology to reduce the dispersion of soil has been investigated. The reference treatment was potable water and 3 magnetic water devices (with different magnetic intensities) were used for magnetizing the potable water. The results showed that the magnetic field has a significant effect in order of 5 percent on increasing of magnesium concentrat...

there are only a few, non-evidence based, neuroprotective strategies for treatment and prevention of brain injuries after closed head trauma. to establish new therapy strategies, a novel animal model is needed. the aim of our investigation was to link standardized small animal models and actual patient medical care. data of experimental small animal studies often cannot be transferred to cns in...

The pathogenesis of infections associated with fracture-fixation devices is related to microorganisms growing in biofilms, which render these infections difficult to treat. These infections are classified as early (<2 weeks), delayed (2-10 weeks) or late infections (>10 weeks) according to the implant surgery. Most infections are caused by staphylococci and are acquired during trauma (in penetr...

The eye is a well-suited organ for local delivery of therapeutics to treat vitreous inflammation as well as other pathologic conditions that induce visual loss. Several conditions are particularly challenging to treat and often require chronic courses of therapy. The use of implantable intravitreal devices for drug delivery is an emerging field in the treatment of vitreous inflammation as well ...

Nebulizers convert solutions or suspensions into aerosols with a particle size that can be inhaled into the lower respiratory tract. There are pneumatic jet nebulizers, ultrasonic nebulizers, and mesh nebulizers. Newer nebulizer designs are breath-enhanced, breath-actuated, or have aerosol-storage bags to minimize aerosol loss during exhalation. Nebulizers can be used with helium-oxygen mixture...