BACKGROUND We report an economic analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) care and treatment in Indonesia to assess the options and limitations of costs reduction, improving access, and scaling up services. METHODS We calculated the cost of providing HIV care and treatment in a main referral hospital in West Java, Indonesia from 2008 to 2010, differentiated by initiation of treatment at...

BACKGROUND Disparities in the presentation of knee osteoarthritis (OA) and in the utilization of treatment across sex, racial, and ethnic groups in the United States are well documented. OBJECTIVES We used a Markov model to calculate lifetime costs of knee OA treatment. We then used the model results to compute costs of disparities in treatment by race, ethnicity, sex, and socioeconomic statu...

Introduction Genotyping-based treatment decisions may optimize treatment response and minimize adverse drug events (ADEs) in patients with chronic pain. Objectives To estimate the financial impact of genotyping-based treatment decisions in patients with moderate to severe chronic pain in a managed care setting. Methods A budget impact model was built with a 1-year time horizon to estimate c...

OBJECTIVE To quantify the costs of treatment in critical limb ischaemia (CLI) and to compare costs and effectiveness of two treatment strategies: spinal cord stimulation (SCS) and best medical treatment. METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with CLI not suitable for vascular reconstruction were randomised to either SCS in addition to best medical treatment or best medical treatment alone. ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact on costs and outcomes of early migraine treatment with sumatriptan while pain is mild versus sumatriptan treatment of moderate to severe pain. BACKGROUND Migraines result in substantial pain, impairment, and costs. Recent clinical studies have shown that early treatment with sumatriptan when migraine pain is mild is more effective than sumatriptan treatment wh...

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: The treatment of substance abuse is an important health service available in all industrialized countries throughout the world. Cost of treatment and its benefit or economic value is an important policy issue. Reduction in health care cost is one alternative way to measure benefits. This paper reviews a series of studies (all from the US) which address the cost-benefit q...

Introduction: Access to and the cost of induction treatment for cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is rapidly changing. The newly-announced price flucytosine ($0.75 per 500 mg pill) possibly lower prices liposomal amphotericin B (AmB-L) create opportunities reduce CM costs compared current standard in low- middle-income countries. Methods:</ns3:bol...