Travel time prediction for urban networks is an important issue in Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) since drivers can make individual decisions, choose the shortest route, avoid congestions and improve network efficiency based on the predicted travel time information. In this research, two algorithms are proposed to estimate and predict travel time for urban networks, the simulation...

In environmental studies, different types of system boundaries are needed. Disaggregated GIS data are crucial because they can be flexibly converted into the target boundaries. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) data of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) should be highly evaluated as a valuable GIS data. We, however, show the problem that GDP per capita in urban areas is lower...

Background: Giving the rising trend in childhood obesity in many countries including Switzerland, strategies to increase physical activity such as promoting active school travel are important. Yet, little is known about time trends of active commuting in Swiss schoolchildren and factors associated with changes in walking and biking to school. Methods: Between 1994 and 2005, information about mo...

BACKGROUND Giving the rising trend in childhood obesity in many countries including Switzerland, strategies to increase physical activity such as promoting active school travel are important. Yet, little is known about time trends of active commuting in Swiss schoolchildren and factors associated with changes in walking and biking to school. METHODS Between 1994 and 2005, information about mo...

The effect of small urban areas on cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning activity is analysed for Spain. The results shown that the CG-flash number is enhanced within and downwind the most of towns considered and that large population and higher SO2 concentration contribute to the increase of the number of CG-flashes. INTRODUCTION AND DATA Several studies have reported that large cities of the USA are...

BACKGROUND Mefloquine is one of four antimalarial agents commonly recommended for preventing malaria in travellers to malaria-endemic areas. Despite its high efficacy, there is controversy about its psychological side effects. OBJECTIVES To summarize the efficacy and safety of mefloquine used as prophylaxis for malaria in travellers. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseas...

Increased congestion during peak morning and afternoon periods in urban areas is increasing logistics costs. In addition, environmental, social, and political pressures to limit the impacts associated with CO2 emissions are mounting rapidly. A key challenge for transportation agencies and businesses is to improve the efficiency of urban freight and commercial vehicle movements while ensuring en...

Note to Readers: This paper's pagination is " off " (relative to the original and to the Table of Contents shown here), and its graphics are disfigured. These problems are due to the document's original creation in WordPerfect and later retrieval into Word 97. Please see Transportation Research Record 1607 for a short version of this paper, and please see the original thesis (at the U.C. Berkel...