An optical resonance method for the determination of the strain- and stress-optical coefficients of optically transparent polymers is presented and exemplified for monodisperse and bidisperse molecular weight polystyrene (PS). This method employs whispering gallery modes (WGMs) resonation inside a spheroid polymeric cavity, suspended on an optical fiber taper waist, which, in turn, is used for ...

An existing deteriorated or hydraulically undersized pipe can be replaced with a new pipe by static pipe bursting. Cavity expansion during pipe bursting induces ground movements, which may potentially damage nearby buried utilities if they are in close proximity to the pipe bursting operation. A large-scale pipe bursting experiment was performed in an 8 m long, 8 m wide, and 3 m deep test pit f...

background two-dimensional (2d) strain is a new reproducible technique for assessing regional myocardial function; however, its application for evaluation of left atrium (la) function is less studied. objectives we sought to assess la function in heart failure patients using velocity vector imaging (vvi). patients and methods thirty five patients (mean age: 43.34 ± 18.1 years, 59.3% male) with ...

BACKGROUND A new sophisticated method that uses video analysis techniques together with a Maillon Rapide Delta to determine the tensile properties of the transverse carpal ligament-carpal tunnel complex has been developed. METHODS Six embalmed cadaveric specimens amputated at the mid-forearm and aged (mean (SD)): 82 (6.29) years were tested. The six hands were from three males (four hands) an...

A displacement-based finite element for the analysis of laminated composite beams is formulated using strain gradient notation. The definition of the beam’s longitudinal displacement possesses only the independent term (axial displacement) and a term which is linear in the thickness coordinate z. Thus, the finite element is first-order shear deformable. As strain gradient notation is physically...

Trabecular plates play an important role in determining elastic moduli of trabecular bone. However, the relative contribution of trabecular plates and rods to strength behavior is still not clear. In this study, individual trabeculae segmentation (ITS) and nonlinear finite element (FE) analyses were used to evaluate the roles of trabecular types and orientations in the failure initiation and pr...

The reflection and transmission of thermoelastic plane waves at an imperfect boundary of two dissimilar fibre-reinforced transversely isotropic thermoelastic solid half-spaces under hydrostatic initial stress has been investigated. The appropriate boundary conditions are applied at the interface to obtain the reflection and transmission coefficients of various reflected and transmitted waves wi...

Distributions of growth strains in branches, straight trunks and basal sweeping trunks of Chamaecyparis formosensis Matsum. trees were measured with strain gauges. Microfibril angles (MFAs) of the S2 layer of the cell wall were measured by the iodine deposition method and their relationships with growth strain examined. The magnitude of the compressive stress on the lower side of trunks with a ...

Samples of DuPont 7A and 7C Teflon (PTFE, poly(tetrafluoroethylene)) were tested in compression at strain-rates between 10 and 1 s and temperatures between K198 and 200 8C. Additionally, using a Split-Hopkinson pressure bar, a temperature compression series was undertaken between K100 and 150 8C at a strain rate of 3200 s. To investigate the small-strain response, strain gauges were used to mea...