UNESCO's Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights (2005) was drawn up by an independent panel of experts (the International Bioethics Committee) and negotiated by member states. UNESCO aimed for a participatory and transparent drafting process, holding national and regional consultations and seeking the views of various interest groups, including religious and spiritual ones. Further...

What are the prospective benefits for service providers and service recipients of decentralized access to information about populations and their needs, service systems, and operations? Will growing access to such information be, on the whole, enfranchising for community members, or will it subject them to increased centralized control? This chapter examines particular ways in which information...

This paper addresses the scope for more integrated general analysis of diversity in science, technology and society. It proposes a framework recognizing three necessary but individually insufficient properties of diversity. Based on 10 quality criteria, it suggests a general quantitative non-parametric diversity heuristic. This allows the systematic exploration of diversity under different pers...

Article history: Received 23 June 2011 Received in revised form 28 September 2011 Accepted 3 October 2011 Available online 26 October 2011 Technology roadmaps are increasingly usedby governments to informand promote technological transitions, such as a transition to a hydrogen energy system. This paper develops a framework for understanding how current roadmapping practice relates to emerging t...

New comparable data on ownership and control and financing patterns shows that the emerging capitalist systems in Central and Eastern Europe share many features. While the extent of remaining government ownership differs from one country to another, private ownership dominates everywhere. Ownership and control are becoming increasingly concentrated, with the emergence of corporate groupings and...

In recent years a succession of health emergencies connected with the threat of new, possibly global, infectious diseases has stimulated the attention of the mass media, the scientific community, and international public opinion, setting a tough test for the institutions whose job is to manage the risks. On the basis of experience in the fields of AIDS, BSE, SARS and bird flu, this study discus...

The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of the United Nations or its Member States. ABSTRACT Public administration is an essential link between citizens and governments. Over the past 50 years, its practice and conceptual terrain have undergone four phases, namely, traditional public administration, public management, new public managemen...

The digitization of companies and their business processes is a central component of Industry 4.0. Secure and trusted data exchange is crucial in this context, but providing data without sacrificing the control over their data is a challenge. The Industrial Data Space project seeks to define and implement such a platform supporting reliable, secure data exchange and governance enforcement among...

Introduction Public health is at a precipice of increasing demand for the consumption and analysis of large amounts of disparate data, the centralization of local and state IT offices, and the compartmentalization of programmatic technology solutions. Public health informatics needs differ across programmatic areas, but may have commonalities across jurisdictions. Initial development of the PHC...