AbslraeL The optical pmpeaies of samples of bone from pig skull have teen measured aver the wavelength range 650-950 nm. The scattering phase function was measured on thin samples of the bone using a goniometer, and a value for the mean cosine g, of the scattering angle, was calculaled. m e scattering and absorption coefficients, pr and pa were then determined from measurements of diffuse refle...

Dr. F. López Jiménez, Prof. P. M. Reis Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Massachussetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge , MA 02139-4307 , USA E-mail: [email protected] Prof. S. Kumar Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Masdar Institute of Science and Technology PO Box 54224 , Abu Dhabi , UAE Prof. P. M. Reis Department of Mechanical Engineering...

The purpose of the present study was to objectively quantify the spectral transmittance of the eyelid. Reported here are data acquired using a technique that was developed to provide practical and accurate measurements of eyelid transmittance across the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. The empirical data were analyzed in terms of the absorption and scattering characteristics of ...

We have set up a novel direct detection system to measure filter transmittances over an attenuation range of at least 5 decades, with relative combined standard uncertainties as low as 0.5% (1σ) per decade, in the 9 μm to 11 μm spectral region. This system, using an apparatus originally designed for a heterodyne measurement of transmittance, achieves higher accuracy at the expense of a reduced ...

The radiance transmittance (Tr) is the ratio of the water-leaving radiance (Lw(0+)) to the sub-surface upwelling radiance (Lu(0-)), which is an important optical parameter for ocean optics and ocean color remote sensing. Historically, a constant value (~0.54) based on theoretical presumptions has been adopted for Tr and is widely used. This optical parameter, however, has never been measured in...

The prevention of microbial surface contamination has become most crucial in today’s health care system, and in food and pharmaceutical production. Human beings are often infected by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and molds that often infect living environments. Silver nanoparticles or silver ions have been known to have strong inhibitory and bactericidal effects. Metallic nanopartic...