AbsuudThe falllt aulysis is doae for the three phase sym••etric2I fa.at •• d die a~ halts.. TlIe unsymmetrical faults include siagie _ to grouod., tiBe to liDeaJIddoable tiae to grouad &lilt. llae metllod employed is bllS i_pedaatt matrix wIIidt bas certain advantages over tlleveaUa's equivaleat _dbocL The advautage of this approach over coaveatioeal metllod is to make the analysis of three typ...

Transmission loss and noise reduction of reactive mufflers are determined by linear acoustic theory and unsteady flow field study, respectively. The effects of extending the inlet tube of the muffler, adding holes to the extension, and the number of holes on both transmission loss and noise reduction are investigated. In noise reduction analysis, the Navier-Stokes equations and k-ε model are us...

Recently the optical transmission matrix (TM) has been shown to be useful in controlling the propagation of light in highly scattering media. In this paper, we present the vector transmission matrix (VTM) which, unlike the TM, captures both the intensity and polarization transmission property of the scattering medium. We present an experimental technique for measuring the absolute values of the...

The evolution of virulence was studied in a virus subjected to alternating episodes of vertical and horizontal transmission. Bacteriophage f1 was used as the parasite because it establishes a debilitating but non-fatal infection that can be transmitted vertically (from a host to its progeny) as well as horizontally (infection of new hosts). Horizontal transmission was required of all phage at s...

The question as to how the ratio of horizontal to vertical transmission depends on the coefficient of horizontal transmission is investigated in host-parasite models with one or two parasite strains. In an apparent paradox, this ratio decreases as the coefficient is increased provided that the ratio is taken at the equilibrium at which both host and parasite persist. Moreover, a completely vert...

Zika virus is an Arbovirus identified first time in 1947 in Uganda. Zika epidemic is a threat far greater than the Ebola outbreak. The World Health Organization has urged Asian countries to be vigilant about the risk of spreading Zika virus and preventive measures to control it. In Iran, 64 species of mosquitoes from Culicidea family have been reported three of which belong to the Aedes genus, ...