1. Introduction Ever since the idea of using computers to translate natural languages was first proposed in the 1940s and since the first investigations were begun in the 1950s, translators have watched developments either in scorn or in trepidation. Either they have dismissed the very notion that anyone could even believe that translation could be mechanized, or (at the other extreme) they hav...

The first difficulty in answering a question like "Does machine translation work is that the question itself is ill-posed. It takes for granted that there is one single thing called machine translation and that everyone is agreed about what it is. But in fact, even a cursory glance at the systems already around, either in regular operational use or under development, will reveal a wide range of...

Translation is a process that is foiled by many constraints at different levels and various stages. These constraints affect the perceived and desired quality of translation and dictate the choices and decisions the translator makes. The ultimate goal of any translation strategy is to manage and remove these constraints. Understanding how these constraints work within the translation system and...

An ATP system, Bliksem, has been used for policy conflict detection in cfengine configurations. For this purpose, predicates corresponding to cfengine configuration directives have been developed, additional rules describing conflicting actions have been defined and a basic translator tool from the cfengine language to the TPTP language has been developed. Although some parts of the cfengine la...

Aiming at reassessing the declarative/procedural knowledge dichotomy in the training of translators, this article builds on connectionist principles (Elman et al. 1996) and Relevance Theory (Sperber & Wilson 1986/1995) to present the rationale for a project which, from a pro-active standpoint, suggests that translator’s training could incorporate some of the methodologies used for data elicitat...

ecently a special Independent Research and Development project demonstrated that translator-based differential Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements can achieve a measurement accuracy of 2 cm in realistic missile intercept test environments. The project was initiated in recognition of a serious need an effective precision analysis capability for use in evaluating engagements and lethalit...

Few years ago, there is no way to communicate between the dumb people in a normal speed. And also the normal people never try to communicate between dumb persons. But now a days so many facility are available for understanding to communicate a dumb person using machine translator, hidden grove method etc. But drawback of this method is that is requiring more power supply and this type of machin...