Experimental analysis of enzymatic transition-state structures uses kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) to report on bonding and geometry differences between reactants and the transition state. Computational correlation of experimental values with chemical models permits three-dimensional geometric and electrostatic assignment of transition states formed at enzymatic catalytic sites. The combination...

All chemical transformations pass through an unstable structure called the transition state, which is poised between the chemical structures of the substrates and products. The transition states for chemical reactions are proposed to have lifetimes near 10(-13) sec, the time for a single bond vibration. No physical or spectroscopic method is available to directly observe the structure of the tr...

Urban traffic state evolution analysis is very significant and constructive for traffic guidance and control. In this paper, a quantitative method for analyzing regional traffic state evolution was proposed by constructing traffic state pattern transition network to mine regional traffic state information and state pattern transition characteristics from massive data. Based on the method, a GIS...

We have observed the 3P 1 -+ 3P0 ground state transition of C I emission toward' Oph. We compare this observation with predictions made from Copernicus ultraviolet absorption measurements of the population of the 3 P 1 level and with millimeter wave observations of CO. Subject headings: interstellar: matterinterstellar: moleculesstars: individualultraviolet: spectra

Multiway Decision Graphs (MDGs) have been recently proposed as an eecient representation of Extended Finite State Machines (EFSMs), suitable for automatic hardware veriication of Register Transfer Level (RTL) designs 7, 14]. We report here on the results of our research into automatic partitioning of state transition relations described using MDGs. The objective is to achieve the maximum possib...

Poincaré covariant quark models of the the nucleon, the ∆ resonance and their excitations are explored. The baryon states are represented by eigenfunctions of the four-velocity and a confining mass operator, which reproduces the empirical spectrum up to ∼ 1700 MeV to an accuracy of ∼ 6%. Models of constituent quark currents provide the relations between ground-state properties and transition am...

We describe a new synthesis procedure for designing asynchronous controllers from burst-mode specifications, a class of specifications allowing multiple input change fundamental mode operation. Our implementation of burst-mode state machines uses standard combinational logic, generates low-latency outputs and guarantees freedom from hazards at the gate level. It requires no locally-synthesized ...

By simply attaching sensor nodes to physical objects with no information about the objects, the method proposed in this paper infers the type of the physical indoor objects and the states they are in. Assuming that an object has its own states that have transitions represented by a state transition diagram, we prepare the state transition diagrams for such indoor objects as a door, a drawer, a ...

background: human error is the most important cause of occupational and non-occupational accidents. because, it seems necessary to identify, predict and analyze human errors, and also offer appropriate control strategies to reduce errors which cause adverse consequences, the present study was carried out with the aim of identifying human errors while operating meat grinder and offer suggestions...

BACKGROUND Physicians treating patients in the vegetative state (VS) must deal with uncertainty in diagnosis and prognosis, as well as ethical issues. We examined whether physicians' attitudes toward medical and ethical challenges vary across two national medical practice settings. METHODS A comparative survey was conducted among German and Canadian specialty physicians, based on a case vigne...