Using sequential analysis, the authors examined how therapists' actions related to the verbal disclosure and defensive patterns that followed therapists' interventions within a single therapy hour for 20 patients. At the same time, a new measure, the Psychodynamic Intervention Rating Scale (PIRS), was tested for reliability and construct validity. Results indicated that therapists fit their sty...

Certain problems in defining the psychoanalytic process emerged during the five years in which a COPE study group was attempting to clarify the concept. There was agreement about the bed-rock criteria to be included in a definition: e.g., transference, resistance, a dynamic unconscious, intrapsychic conflict, defense, infantile sexuality, insight which causes change, and change which brings ins...

The termination phase of treatment is recognized as a significant aspect of the therapy process and yet remains vastly understudied in psychotherapy literature. In the present study, therapists' perspectives were used to examine how 3 elements of the therapy relationship (working alliance, real relationship, and transference) during the termination phase relate to perceived client sensitivity t...

All the defensive measures of the ego against the id are carried out silently and invisibly. The most we can ever do is reconstruct them in retrospect: we can never really witness them in operation. … definite indications of obsessional exaggeration suggest that it is of the nature of reaction and that it conceals a long-standing conflict. Here again, observation of the particular mode of defen...

I wish to make an examination of the capacity of the individual to be alone, acting on the assumption that this capacity is one of the most important signs of maturity in emotional development. In almost all our psycho-analytic treatments there come times when the ability to be alone is important to the patient. Clinically this may be represented by a silent phase or a silent session, and this ...

Ongoing debate continues about the so called ‘placebo effect’ [1-6]. the range of effects of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and the way that particular CAM modalities might work [7-10]. Interest lies not just in identifying whether a modality has its intended, or any, effects, but also in uncovering the possible factors that may arise within the therapeutic encounter between pract...

We used NMR imaging (MRI) combined with data analysis based on inverse modeling of the mass transport problem to determine ionic diffusion coefficients and transference numbers in electrolyte solutions of interest for Li-ion batteries. Sensitivity analyses have shown that accurate estimates of these parameters (as a function of concentration) are critical to the reliability of the predictions p...

For computing the 2 2× magnification matrix of a spectacle lens in front of an eye, there exist well-established methods in the most cases except for the general case of tilted surfaces. In this general case there are in principle two possibilities: either time-consuming numerical calculations have to be performed, or the linear optics approach involving 4 4× transference system matrices has to...

We subscribe to the assumption that the self is fundamentally relationalÐthat is, entangled with signi®cant others Ðsuch that key elements of the self are experienced in relation to signi®cant others, even when others are not present. In our socialcognitive model of transference, transference occurs when a mental representation of a signi®cant other is activated by cues in a new person that res...