The phase and amplitude of the electron wavefunction that has passed through ultra-thin flakes of WSe2 is measured from high-resolution off-axis electron holograms. Both the experimental measurements and corresponding computer simulations are used to show that, as a result of dynamical diffraction, the spatially averaged phase does not increase linearly with specimen thickness close to an [001]...

In light of the three-year data release from WMAP we re-examine the evidence for the “Axis of Evil”. We discover that previous frequentist methods are not robust with respect to the data-sets available and different treatments of the galactic plane. We identify the cause of the instability and show that this result is not a weakness of the data. This is further confirmed by exhibiting an altern...

BACKGROUND Characteristics of family life are linked both cross-sectionally and prospectively to adult mental and physical health. PURPOSE This paper discusses social and biological processes that may explain how families influence the health of their members. METHODS We review naturalistic studies of short-term biopsychosocial processes as they unfold within the family. RESULTS Day-to-da...

In this series of papers we study subspaces of de Branges spaces of entire functions which are generated by majorization on subsets D of the closed upper half-plane. The present, first, part is addressed to the question which subspaces of a given de Branges space can be represented by means of majorization. Results depend on the set D where majorization is permitted. Significantly different sit...

We present a simple bijective proof of the fact that matchings of [2n] with N nestings are equinumerous to partially directed self avoiding walks confined to the symmetric wedge defined by y = ±x, with n east steps and N north steps. A very similar construction connects permutations with N nestings and PDSAWs remaining below the x-axis, again with N north steps. Furthermore, both bijections tra...

Type III (low) odontoid fractures may be subtle on initial plain film radiographic examination. We describe a sign on the routine open-mouth view, the laterally tilted dens, which has not been previously stressed in the radiologic literature, and is an important diagnostic sign of type III fractures of the odontoid process of the axis. In a series of 82 nontraumatized patients, no odontoid angl...

PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of refractive errors in the public and private school system in the city of Natal, Northeastern Brazil. METHODS Refractometry was performed on both eyes of 1,024 randomly selected students, enrolled in the 2001 school year and the data were evaluated by the SPSS Data Editor 10.0. Ametropia was divided into: 1- from 0.1 to 0.99 diopter (D); 2- 1.0 to 2.99 D;...

One of the key morphogenetic processes used during development is the controlled intercalation of cells between their neighbors. This process has been co-opted into a range of developmental events, and it also underlies an event that occurs in each major group of bilaterians: elongation of the embryo along the anterior-posterior axis [1]. In Drosophila, a novel component of this process was rec...

background: the principal aim of this study was therefore to investigate association between family history of osteo porotic hip fracture, bmd and femur geometry in bushehr city in south of iran. methods: in this cross-sectional study, data were obtained from iranian multi-center osteoporosis study (imos) in bushehr. healthy men and women aged 50 to 75 years were selected based on randomized cl...