[1] Siebner HR, Auer C, Conrad B. Abnormal increase in the corticomotor output to the affected hand during repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary motor cortex in patients with writer’s cramp. Neurosci Lett 1999;262:133e6. [2] Hallett M. Neurophysiology of dystonia: the role of inhibition. Neurobiol Dis 2011;42:177e84. [3] Borich MR, Arora S, Kimberley TJ. Lasting effects of...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although functional imaging studies suggest that recruitment of contralesional areas hinders optimal functional reorganization in patients with aphasic stroke, only limited evidence is available on the efficacy of noninvasive brain stimulation such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation aimed at suppression of contralateral overactivation. METHODS In this rando...

In this chapter, we first discuss the concept of therapeutic application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in post-stroke aphasic patients. Second, we describe our protocol of functional MRI-based therapeutic rTMS for this patient population and report the clinical results of the treatment. Finally, we comment on future directions of therapeutic application of rTMS in resea...

Brain oscillations of different frequencies have been associated with a variety of cognitive functions. Convincing evidence supporting those associations has been provided by studies using intracranial stimulation, pharmacological interventions and lesion studies. The emergence of novel non-invasive brain stimulation techniques like repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transc...

OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on patients with visual spatial neglect and to explore the potential mechanisms of visual spatial neglect. METHODS A total of 14 patients with prior stroke and visual spatial neglect were divided into a control group and a treatment group. The treatment group was expo...

Measuring phosphene thresholds (PTs) is often used to investigate changes in the excitability of the human visual cortex through different brain stimulation methods like repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). In several studies, PT increase or decrease has been shown after rTMS or tDCS application. Recently, using PT measurements w...

Sir, We would like to thank Dr Rosenkrantz for her interest in our recent paper on physiological differences between patients with psychogenic and organic forms of limb dystonia. We are also very grateful for the opportunity to discuss in detail the connection between input–output relationships and effects of paired associative stimulation (PAS). It is a topic of some confusion among those who ...

Respiratory related diseases associated with the neuronal control of breathing represent life-threatening issues and to date, no effective therapeutics are available to enhance the impaired function. The aim of this study was to determine whether a preclinical respiratory model could be used for further studies to develop a non-invasive therapeutic tool applied to rat diaphragmatic neuronal cir...

Background: Functional neuroimaging can provide pathophysiological information in perinatal asphyxia (PA). However, fundamental unresolved questions remain related to the influence of neurovascular coupling (NVC) maturation on functional responses early development. We aimed probe feasibility and compare multiple sensory stimulations newborns with PA using magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) near...

OBJECTIVE To use a combination of electrophysiological techniques to determine the extent of preserved muscle activity below the clinically-defined level of motor-complete spinal cord injury. METHODS Transcranial magnetic stimulation and vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials were used to investigate whether there was any preserved muscle activity in trunk, hip and leg muscles of 16 individual...