This work reports experimental and theoretical first-order rate constants for the reaction of vinyl radical with C(4)H(8) alkenes: 1-butene, 2-butene, and isobutene. The experiments are performed over a temperature range of 300 to 700 K at 100 Torr. Vinyl radicals (H(2)C horizontal lineCH) were generated by laser photolysis of vinyl iodide (C(2)H(3)I) at 266 nm, and time-resolved absorption spe...

Vinyl flooring manufacturers use plasticizers to decrease the viscosity and increase the pliability of vinyl. Several ignitable liquid plasticizers used in the manufacture of vinyl flooring were identified and investigated in this study. Twenty-nine collections from five major vinyl manufacturers, a total of 72 samples, were analyzed using passive headspace concentration in accordance with the ...

Until now, acrylates have been the monomers of choice for use for step and flash imprint lithography ~SFIL! etch barrier formulations, in part because of the commercial availability of silicon-containing acrylates ~necessary for etch resistance!, together with their low viscosities and capability for rapid photopolymerization. However, despite many desirable properties, the polymerization of ac...

Detailed simulations are reported for the dynamics of electrons and nuclei during the cis to trans photoisomerization of stilbene. Our method, which employs a semiclassical description of both the nuclear motion and the radiation field, is described in the text. After excitation of electrons from the highest occupied molecular orbital ~HOMO! to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital ~LUMO! by ...

High impact polystyrene (HIPS) series was synthesized by the mass-suspension process using polybutadiene (PB) rubbers with different cis-1,4, trans-1,4, and vinyl-1,2 isomers content. The HIPS were characterized by TEM, GPC, DMA, and DSC analyses. It was found that the dynamic mechanical properties of HIPS strongly depend upon the microstructure of PB used as a modifier due to the different ten...

The various adverse biological effects of vinyl chloride appear to be dependent upon the metabolic conversion of this compound into chemically reactive metabolites. The metabolism of vinyl chloride in mammals and in man, including the formation of monochloroacetic acid and some identified sulfur conjugates is reviewed. Hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidases from rats, mice, and humans were ...

Experiments with volunteers showed that 42% of an inhaled dose of vinyl chloride is retained in the lungs. This value is independent of the concentration of vinyl chloride in the air. Elimination of vinyl chloride through the lungs is negligible since its concentration in expired air decreases immediately after the cessation of exposure.

A rotational isomeric state model with neighbor interactions is used to calculate mean-square unperturbed dimensions and dipole moments for vinyl chloride chains CHa-(CHCI-CH,,)zH having degrees of polymerization x ranging from 1 to 150 and stereochemical structures ranging from perfect syndiotacticity to perfect isotacticity. Conformational energies used in the calculation were those which had...