ABSTRACT This study investigates the effects of a training procedure on children's conservation. Volume conservation was induced in twenty-one 8-year-old non-conserving children by a procedure that combined two sources of conflict. Firste.the competing schemes used in making decisions on volumes were aroused: second, the non-conserver was made aware of a conserving peer's judgments at strategic...

We examined the effect of walk training combined with blood flow restriction (BFR) on the size of blood flow-restricted distal muscles, as well as, on the size of non-restricted muscles in the proximal limb and trunk. Nine men performed walk training with BFR and 8 men performed walk training alone. Training was conducted two times a day, 6 days/wk, for 3 wk using five sets of 2-min bouts (trea...

OBJECTIVES The health benefits of high-intensity interval training in cardiac rehabilitation warrant further research. We compared the effectiveness of low-volume high-intensity interval training vs continuous aerobic exercise training in chronic heart failure. DESIGN/SETTINGS Unblinded, two arm parallel design with random assignment to exercise interventions in out-patient hospital rehabilit...

BACKGROUND Despite the increasing popularity of marathons, little research has examined the training habits of nonelite marathon runners. Given that nonelite runners, particularly those with a competitive motive, have a higher risk for injury than experienced elite runners, it is important for physicians to understand the training program and features that might distinguish running performance ...

Physical activity enhances insulin action in obese/overweight individuals. However, the exercise prescription required for the optimal enhancement is not known. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that exercise training consisting of vigorous-intensity activity would enhance insulin sensitivity more substantially than moderate-intensity activity. Sedentary, overweight/obese sub...

To determine the effects of deer antler velvet on maximal aerobic performance and the trainability of muscular strength and endurance, 38 active males were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to either deer antler velvet extract (n = 12), powder (n = 13), or placebo groups (n = 13). Subjects were tested prior to beginning supplementation and a 10-week strength program, and immediately p...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the effect of high-intensity interval training during combined arm cycling exercise (ACE) and functional electrical stimulation leg cycling (hybrid exercise), on peak stroke volume and peak oxygen consumption in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). DESIGN A baseline control trial at an outpatient SCI clinic (St. Olav's University Hospital...

In this study we explored the effects of physical training on the response of the respiratory system to exercise. Eight subjects with irreversible mild-to-moderate airflow obstruction [forced expiratory volume in 1 s of 85 +/- 14 (SD) % of predicted and ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 s to forced vital capacity of 68 +/- 5%] and six normal subjects with similar anthropometric characteris...