Introduction We are both former Directors ofthe Bureau ofEconomics at the Federal Trade Commission, and have studied, lectured and written on the economics of the pharmaceutical industry for many years. As such, we feel obliged to submit these comments to the Commission because, in our judgment, both the Pfizer-Wyeth and Merck-Schering Plough mergers will further retard the rate of pharmaceutic...

To benefit from trade and trade liberalization, economies have to reallocate factors of production within and between sectors. This structural change is the source of gains from trade but brings with it costs of adjustment. Evidence has, for instance, confirmed that some groups of workers tend to face temporary unemployment and lower income when their jobs are lost as a result of international ...

The purpose of this paper to identify and analyze the effects of existing trade networks on bilateral trade volumes in the Western Hemisphere using two empirical specifications of the gravity model of international trade. The evidence suggests the trade behavior within the Western Hemisphere is highly influenced by relationships resulting from different types of linkages (i.e., networks). These...

Current research on antidumping suggests a number of channels through which antidumping affects the volume of world trade. This paper uses a structural approach to the gravity model framework to evaluate these hypotheses using data on trade volume over the period 1960-2001. We conclude that the volume and welfare effects have been negative, but quite modest. JEL classification: C230; F14; F15

1 Departamento de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 2 Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 3 Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil, 4 Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

To this universe of complex questions, courts have added one that is embarrassingly easy: Is there a payment when a brand promises not to introduce its own generic (known as an “authorized generic” or “AG”), which could be worth millions of dollars to the generic? Under any reasonable interpretation of economics, the Supreme Court’s 2013 decision in FTC v. Actavis, or common sense, such a promi...