BACKGROUND Decreasing the maximum force applied during traction to the base of the fetal skull using a less rigid polyurethane forceps is the basis of this study. Our hypothesis was that less force would be generated with polyurethane forceps than with steel forceps. OBJECTIVE To test a new soft polyurethane obstetrical forceps for maximal force generated to the base of the skull during simul...

Titanium implants were placed surgically into the maxillary, zygomatic, frontal, and occipital bones of four pigtail monkeys. After a 4-month healing period, the implants were exposed and abutments were placed. Extraoral traction appliances were then attached to the abutments. The cranial implants were used to support the framework of the traction appliance; those in the facial bones were used ...

Marinković A, Mih JD, Park J-A, Liu F, Tschumperlin DJ. Improved throughput traction microscopy reveals pivotal role for matrix stiffness in fibroblast contractility and TGFresponsiveness. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 303: L169–L180, 2012. First published June 1, 2012; doi:10.1152/ajplung.00108.2012.—Lung fibroblast functions such as matrix remodeling and activation of latent transforming...

E xtensive use of cervical traction in recent years has caused controversy among orthodontists concerning its effect on the craniofacial skeleton of a growing child, This has led to several cephalometric studies. It generally has been established that the normal forward growth of the maxilla can be inhibited by the judicious use of extraoral traction. 4s *, I12 13, I53 I9 Reductions in the XNA ...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to use a novel method to quantify the traction applied to the retina during vitrectomy. METHODS Five 20-gauge electric cutters were used. Fresh porcine eyes were positioned in a specially developed holder and transfixed to the retinal layers with a microwire, and the other end was fixed to the load cell of a strain gauge. The cutter to be assessed was int...

Methods summarized by the term Traction Force Microscopy are widely used to quantify cellular forces in mechanobiological studies. These methods are inverse, in the sense that forces must be determined such that they comply with a measured displacement field. This study investigates how several experimental and analytical factors, originating in the realization of the experiments and the proced...

Cells must exert traction forces onto the substratum for continuous migration. Molecular dynamics such as actin polymerization at the front of the cell and myosin II accumulation at the rear should play important roles in the exertion of forces required for migration. Therefore, it is important to reveal the relationships between the traction forces and molecular dynamics. Traction forces can b...