Designing and producing a proper fusion construction is the most important problem of producing large quantities of a properly folded functional protein. This construction should have all necessary components of a real gene. A good designed fusion gene construction could be cloned into a good and suitable host. Clostridium perfringens is an important pathogen of humans and livestock and produce...

Vibrio cholerae NRT36S is a non-cholera toxin-producing, non-O1 strain that causes diarrhea in volunteers. The genome of NRT36S was sequenced to create a draft containing 174 contigs plus the superintegron region. Our analysis of the draft genome revealed several putative toxin genes and colonization factors. Besides confirming the existence of nonagglutinable heat-stable toxin, we also identif...

The ubiquitous production of antibacterial toxins, such as bacteriocins, is an ecologically significant class of interbacterial interactions that have primarily evolved through their indirect fitness benefits to the producer. Bacteria release bacteriocins into the environment at a cost to individual cell, but individual bacteriocin-producing cells are unlikely to gain any direct benefit from th...

Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli have been associated with HUS, HC and TTP in human. We found recto-anal mucosal sample in sheep as well in cattle is the main site for E. coli O157 localization. 1246 E. coli isolates from 872 both healthy and diarrheic animals were analyzed, by screening for the presence of Shiga toxin-producing (VT 1 and VT 2) and intimin (eae) genes used Multiplex PCR. ...

Objective(s): Listeria monocytogens, Bacillus cereus and Campylobacter jejuni are three toxin producing bacteria over the world, especially in Iran, and it is essential to find a certain, rapid procedure to identify these microorganisms. In this research, these bacteria were simultaneously detected by multiplex PCR technique in foods. Materials and Methods: The primary approval of bacterial str...

This study was carried out in order to investigate the spatial variation of algal toxin (microcystin) concentrations along the shoreline of Lake Victoria. A total of 16 nearshore stations differing in connectivity to the main lake basin were categorized as either closed bays (ratio of bay area to bay opening < 1) or open bays (ratio ≥ 1) and sampled during November and December 2009. Water samp...