Pasteurella aerogenes is known as a commensal bacterium or as an opportunistic pathogen, as well as a primary pathogen found to be involved in abortion cases of humans, swine, and other mammals. Using broad-range DNA probes for bacterial RTX toxin genes, we cloned and subsequently sequenced a new operon named paxCABD encoding the RTX toxin PaxA in P. aerogenes. The pax operon is organized analo...

The entire 127,923-bp sequence of the toxin-encoding plasmid pBtoxis from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis is presented and analyzed. In addition to the four known Cry and two known Cyt toxins, a third Cyt-type sequence was found with an additional C-terminal domain previously unseen in such proteins. Many plasmid-encoded genes could be involved in several functions other than toxin pr...

Previous studies have shown that an ethylene (ET)-dependent pathway is involved in the cell death signalling triggered by Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici (AAL) toxin in detached tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaves. In this study, the role of jasmonic acid (JA) signalling in programmed cell death (PCD) induced by AAL toxin was analysed using a 35S::prosystemin transgenic line (35S::pros...

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of Bacillus cereus spores in vegetables and to investigate the toxigenic characteristics of spore isolates. The detection rate of spores was 26.7% (12 out of 45 samples) which possess a higher risk of food poisoning than vegetative cell. The occurrence rate of toxin genes in spore isolates were 91.7, 100 and 100% for hblCDA, nheABC an...

Abstract Objective Currently, next generation sequencing (NGS) is widely used to decode potential novel or variant pathogens both in emergent outbreaks and routine clinical practice. However, the efficient identification of diverged pathogenomic compositions remains a big challenge. It especially true for short DNA sequence fragments from NGS, since similarity searching vulnerable false negativ...

Abstract The consumption of raw milk cheese has been growing worldwide with S. aureus and E. coli the leading agents in food poisoning. present work aims to evaluate microbiological quality cheeses commercialized Brazil, regarding microbiology safety enterotoxin gene presence. Forty-three samples from five different suppliers were analyzed. Counting identification aureus, Salmonella spp perform...

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is the most poisonous substances known and its eight toxin types (A to H) are distinguished by the inability of polyclonal antibodies that neutralize one toxin type to neutralize any of the other seven toxin types. Infant botulism, an intestinal toxemia orphan disease, is the most common form of human botulism in the United States. It results from swallowed spores of...

in this study 130 bulk tank milk samples which were delivered to the pegah pasturisation factory inmashhad were collected randomly during the summer months. samples were firstly enriched in modifiedtrypticase soy broth containing novobiocin, followed by plating onto sorbitol macconkey agar supplementedwith cefixime and potassium tellurite for isolation of escherichia coli o157:h7. consequently ...

We encountered a patient with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) with persistent isolation of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) for 3 weeks despite of having no clinical symptoms. STEC has been recognized as an important food-borne pathogen that causes severe diseases such as HUS. We characterized this STEC strain via a polymerase chain reaction, reverse-passive latex agglutination and...