Bisphosphonates (BPs) have been shown to significantly reduce bone toughness in vertebrae within one year when given at clinical doses to dogs. Although BPs also reduce toughness in the cortical bone when given at high doses, their effect on cortical bone material properties when given at clinical doses is less clear. In part, this may be due to the use of small sample sizes that were powered t...

Press hardening steel has become a much used material in car body manufacturing due to its excellent safety and lightweight potential. In some recent car models press hardening steel has reached already a weight share of more than 20% in the body structure while it is estimated that it could reach even around 40% in the future. However conventional press hardening steel based on the alloying co...

An alloy development strategy coupled with toughness assessments and ultrasonic measurements is implemented to design a series of iron-based glass-forming alloys that demonstrate improved glass-forming ability and toughness. The combination of good glass-forming ability and high toughness demonstrated by the present alloys is uncommon in Fe-based systems, and is attributed to the ability of the...

D. Di Maio and S. G. Roberts Department of Materials, University of Oxford, UK keywords: toughness, coating, nanoindentation. Abstract Measuring the toughness of brittle coatings has always been a difficult task. Coatings are often too thin to easily prepare a freestanding sample of a defined geometry in order to use standard toughness measuring techniques. Using standard indentation techniques...

In computer networks, toughness is an important parameter which is used to measure the vulnerability of the network. Zhou et al. [24] obtains a toughness condition for a graph to be fractional (k,m)–deleted and presents an example to show the sharpness of the toughness bound. In this paper we remark that the previous example does not work and inspired by this fact, we present a new toughness co...

The knowledge of load bearing characteristics and failure of material is very important for mechanical engineers. Various metallic, non metallic and composite materials are used in different application. In view of this, the main objective of the present work is to analyze the influence of Aluminum Oxide filler on Fracture Toughness properties of Chopped Strand Mat (CSM) E-Glass Fiber reinforce...

BACKGROUND Human solid tumors that are hard or firm on physical palpation are likely to be cancerous, a clinical maxim that has been successfully applied to cancer screening programs, such as breast self-examination. However, the biological relevance or prognostic significance of tumor hardness remains poorly understood. Here we present a fracture mechanics based in vivo approach for characteri...

AIM We conducted two studies that examined different models, which included mental toughness and psychological constructs that have been found to be related to this construct. METHODS In Study 1, 531 athletes completed measures of mental toughness, resilience, and emotional intelligence. In Study 2, 522 athletes completed measures of mental toughness, sport motivation, and self-efficacy. RE...

Two sets of WC-Co grades were produced, with cobalt content ranging from 3 to 50 wt.%. The mean grain size of the two sets was 2.2 and 6 ~tm respectively. The two sets of grades were used to investigate the relationship between hardness and fracture toughness. It was found that at constant WC grain size the relationship is linear. It was also found that in the low toughness range, grades of equ...